Giáo án tự chọn Tiếng Anh 11 (Năm học 2010 - 2011)

Week: 	Date of preparation: 
Period:	Date of teaching:
INFINITIVE AND GERUND
I/ Infinitive:
	1. ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU WITH TO : (Infinitive)
Ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu thöôøng coù giôùi töø to ñöùng tröôùc (to do, to learn, to help, to advise) vaø ñöôïc duøng trong nhöõng tröôøng hôïp sau :
1/ Laøm S,O hoaëc boå ngöõ (complement) trong caâu :
- To conceal the truth from her was foolish.
- He wanted to become a spaceman.
- What he asked for is to be left alone.
2/ Laøm tính töø boå nghóa cho danh töø :
- He was the first man to leave the room.
- English is an important language to master.
3/ Laøm traïng töø dieãn taû caùc noäi dung sau :
* Muïc ñích cuûa haønh ñoäng.
- He went to the station to meet her.
- He bought a dictionary to study English.
* Keát quaû, haäu quaû. (sau TOO +Adj / Adv)
- She is too tired to go for a walk.
- The box was too heavy for her to carry.
* Hieäu quaû. (sau Adj / Adv + ENOUGH)
- I’m strong enough to carry that heavy box.
- He isn’t rich enough to travel everywhere by taxi.
4/ Duøng sau moät soá ñoäng töø nhaát ñònh nhö : afford, agree, arrange, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope,
 intend, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise,refuse, threaten, want, wish, would like
- They promised to come back soon.
- He can’t afford to take a taxi.
vaø duøng sau moät soá ñoäng töø coù O (verb + obj + to inf) nhö : advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, 
expect, forbid, force, help, invite, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remind, teach, tell, want, warn
- They don’t allow us to smoke in the office.
- I taught myself to play the guitar.
2. ÑOÄNG TÖØ NGUYEÂN MAÃU KHOÂNG “TO”. (Bare Infinitive)
Ñaây laø ñoäng töø nguyeân theå khoâng ñi keøm vôùi to (infinitive without to) vaø ñöôïc söû duïng trong caùc tröôøng hôïp sau :
1/ Duøng sau caùc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát (Modal verbs) nhö : can, could, may, might, must, ought to
- You may go now.
- They must finish the work by now.
2/ Duøng sau caùc ñoäng töø : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP
- I helped the child tidy his desk.
- He had a painter paint the gate.
- They let him enter the room without a ticket.
- My parents make me go to bed early.
3/ Duøng sau BUT, EXCEPT vôùi nghóa “ngoaïi tröø”
- Why don’t you do anything but complain?
- She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework.
4/ Duøng sau caùc ñoäng töø chæ giaùc quan nhö : see, watch, hear, notice, observe, spot
- We heard them sing all morning.
- He saw the thief enter the hall.
Chuù yù : nhö ta ñaõ bieát hieän taïi phaân töø (present participle) coù theå ñöôïc duøng cho caùc ñoäng töø treân ñeå dieãn ta
haønh ñoäng ñang tieáp dieãn. Coøn ñoäng töø nguyeân theå duøng trong tröôøng hôïp naøy chæ haønh ñoäng ñaõ hoaøn taát.
- I watched them playing football for a while. (traän ñaáu vaãn ñang tieáp dieãn)
- I watched them play football yesterday afternoon. (xem toaøn boä traän ñaáu)
II/ GERUND: V-ing: Dang động từ được dùng làm:
	1. Subject: 	Smoking is bad for health.
	Walking is a good exercise.
	2. Object: 
	a. Of a verb: keep, enjoy, avoid, advise, allow, mind, imagine, consider, permit, recommend, suggest, miss, risk, practise, deny, escape, finish, postpone, mention, prevent, recall, resent, understand, admit, resist, appreciate, delay, explain, fancy, loathe, feel like, tolerate, quit, discuss, anticipate, prefer
	Do you enjoy speaking English to a native speaker?
	b. Of a phrasal verb: give up, look forward to, keep on, be interested in, put off
	I’m looking forward to seeing you soon.
	c. Of an idiom :can't help, can't stand, it’s no good, it’s no use
	It’s no use telling him about that.
	d. Of a preposition: 
	She is very good at learning maths.
 + Chuù yù : Moät soá ñoäng töø coù theå theo sau bôûi danh ñoäng töø hoaëc ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu nhöng coù söï khaùc bieät veà nghóa trong caâu.
(*) Remember + gerund : nhôù laïi vieäc ñaõ thöïc hieän.
- I remember posting the letter.
Remember + to infinitive : nhôù ñeå thöïc hieän.
- I remember to post the letter.
(*) Stop + gerund : ngöng thöïc hieän vieäc ñang laøm.
- She stopped mending the dress.
Stop + to infinitive : ngöng laøm moät vieäc gì khaùc ñeå laøm vieäc naøy.
- He stopped to have a drink.
(*) Try + gerund : thöû laøm vieäc gì .
- I try writing in blue ink to see if my handwriting is better.
Try + to infinitive : coá gaéng laøm vieäc gì.
- They tried to work as hard as they could.
(*) Mean + gerund : mang yù nghóa.
- Failure in the exam means having to learn one more year.
Mean + to infinitive : döï ñònh laøm vieäc gì.
- He means to take the coming exam.
(*) Forget + gerund : queân ñieàu gì ñaõ xaûy ra.
- I forgot telling her this story.
Forget + to infinitive : queân laøm ñieàu gì.
- I forgot to tell her about this.
(*) Regret + gerund : hoái tieác vieäc ñaõ xaûy ra.
- She regrets going to a village school.
- The party was great. He regretted not to go there.
Regret + to infinitive :Lấy laøm tieác phảiõ laøm vieäc gì.
- I regret to say that she can’t come tonight.
* Cách chọn bị động hay chủ động ( to + Inf. là chủ động , to + be + p.p.  là bị động )
Muốn làm được dạng này các em phải dịch nghĩa xem nó chủ động hay bị động . Ví dụ ta thấy chủ từ là "căn nhà" và động từ là "xây" thì ta suy luận là căn nhà làm sao nó có tay có chân mà "xây" được mà nó chỉ "được xây" mà thôi => chọn bị động . Nhưng nếu ta không dịch được nghĩa thì sao? Cũng có cách đó chứ (  không chính xác 100% đâu nhé , thỉnh thoãng vẫn bị sai  nhưgn 90% trong lúc không dịch được thì vẫn tốt rồi phải không ? ) 
 Cách làm khi không dịch được nghĩa như sau: 
- Nhìn phía sau chỗ cần điền, nếu có danh từ/ đại từ  thì chọn câu chủ động 
- Nhìn phía sau chỗ cần điền, nếu không có danh từ/ đại từ thì chọn câu bị động
3. Passive infinive:
a. Form: to be + past participle
b. Use:
* Dùng sau một số động từ để chỉ sự bị động của chủ từ:
Eg: We hope to be considered again.
I would like to be invited to the the party 
* Để đưa ra lí do:
Eg: He works hard not to be blamed.
* Sau các tính từ:
Eg: She is glad to be invited to the party
* Dùng sau danh từ:
Eg: It’s time to be separated.
2. Passive gerund:
a. Form: Being + P.P
b. Use:
Gerund ở thể bị động có các cách dùng giống như cách dùng của gerund ở thể chủ động, nhưng mang nghĩa bị động.
* Làm chủ ngữ:
Eg: Being treated unfairly made her decide to quit the job.
* Làm tân ngữ sau 1 số động từ như: like, hate, mind 
Eg: I don’t like being laughed at.
I ẹnoy being invited to the the party
* Làm tân ngữ cho giới từ:
Eg: She is afraid of being beaten.
Compare:
ACTIVE GERUND 
1. Instead of selecting as applicants, he went out for a coffee
2. The teacher is keen on including the new students in the school activities.
3. Kate enjoys phoning Jane
PASSIVE GERUND
1. Instead of being selected as applicants, he went out for a coffee
2. The teacher is keen on being included the new students in the school activities.
3. Kate enjoys being phoned Jane.
Week: 	Date of preparation: 
Period:	Date of teaching:
EXERCISES ABOUT INFINITIVE AND GERUND
I. Complete the sentences with the gerund or the infinitive of the verbs in brackets:
1. We plan ( take). our holidays abroad this year.
2. I prefer (drive). to (be). driven.
3. Would you mind (lend) ..$5? I need (buy) ..a pen.
4. At first I enjoyed (listen) .to him but after a while I got tired of (hear). the same story again and again.
5. Come over here! I’d like you (see) .this.
6. I suggest (telephone) ..the hospital before (ask). the police (look).. for him.
7. Don’t pretend (be).. what you aren’t.
8. Annie denied (throw) .the brick through the window.
9. We are planning (visit) several historical sites in Moscow.
10. For some strange reasons, I keep (think).. today is Saturday. 
II. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct verb form (passive infinitive or gerund):
1. The mail is expected (deliver).. at noon.
2. Does Dr. John mind (call) at home if his patients need his help.
3. Jane is going to fill out an application. She wants (consider). for the club.
4. Ann hoped (invite) to join the private club.
5. The man seems (trust) ..by everyone.
6. No one enjoys (deceive).. by another person.
7. That author doesn’t mind (criticize) ..by his friends.
8. That fellow couldn’t avoid (choose) .into military service.
9. Naturally, I would like (promote) ..to a higher position.
10. The whole problem certainly needs (consider) .very carefully.
III. Choose the best answer:
1. I have so much to tell you, I don’t know where 
A. begin  B. to begin  C.  to be begun  D. being begun
2. Keep  and you’ll find a job eventually.
A. trying  B. to try       C. to be tried     D. being tried
 3. The government has few options expect  interest rates high.
A.  keep   B. to be kept    C. being kept   D.  to keep
 4. The rest of the money  to his parents.
A. is to send              B. are to send  	C. is to be sent          D. are to be sent
 IV. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets:
1.I hate (keep).. waiting. 
2.She wanted (go) . home but the boss made her (stay) until she finished (type).. those contracts.
3.Professor Smith dislikes (interrupt)  when he explaining the lecture.
4.She locked the front door because she didn’t want (disturb) . .
Keys
I. Complete the sentences with the gerund or the infinitive of the verbs in brackets:
1. We plan ( take) to take our holidays abroad this year.
2. I prefer (drive) driving to (be) being driven.
prefer + Ving (to + Ving) [thích cái gì (hơn là cái gì)
3. Would you mind (lend) lending $5? I need (buy) to buy / buy a pen.
need vừa là động từ thường, vừa là động từ khuyết thiếu.
need (động từ thường) + to Vo
need (động từ khuyết thiếu) + Vo
4. At first I enjoyed (listen) listening to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) hearing the same story again and again.
5. Come over here! I’d like you (see) to see this.
6. I suggest (telephone) telephoning the hospital before (ask) asking the police (look) to look for him.
7. Don’t pretend (be) to be what you aren’t.
8. Annie denied (throw) throwing the brick through the window.
9. We are planning (visit) to visit several historical sites in Moscow.
10. For some strange reasons, I keep (think) thinking today is Saturday. 
II. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct verb form (passive infinitive or gerund)
1. The mail is expected (deliver) to be delivered at noon.
2. Does Dr. John mind (call) being called at home if his patients need his help.
3. Jane is going to fill out an application. She wants (consider) to be considered for the club.
4. Ann hoped (invite) to be invited to join the private club.
5. The man seems (trust) to be trusted by everyone.
6. No one enjoys (deceive) being deceived by another person.
7. That author doesn’t mind (criticize) being criticized by his friends.
8. That fellow couldn’t avoid (choose) being chosen into military service.
9. Naturally, I would like (promote) to be promoted to a hi ... .............................................................................................. 
 5) formal/ everyone/ school/ education/ after/ leave/ Not/ should/ a/ they/ follow
à....................................................................................................................................................................
KEY
UNIT 5: ILLITERACY
 1) C. not to	2) B. I reminded David to ring me	3) C. to stop smoking	
 4) D. to come	5) A. you to call them	6) A. Remind	
 7) C. them not to smoke	 	8) D. the previous day
II. 1) B. to tell	2) B. to climb	3) B. teaching	 4) B. not to remove 5) C. quiet
III. 1) He urged me to go the doctor.	2) He begged me to lend him some money.
 3) The teacher told us to give him our homework. 41) He asked us not to smoke in his car.
 5) My Dad promised to buy me an ice-cream. 6) He invited me to have a drink with him.
 7) The doctor advised me to give up smoking. 8) The General ordered us not to shoot.
IV. WRITING
 1) John asked Jerry to lend him that pen two days before.
 2) John promised to return it to her the next day. 
 3) I invited Pam to go to the cinema on Saturday. 
 4) Diana reminded Sue to post the letter for her.
 5) Not everyone follow a formal education after they leave school.
Week: 	Date of preparation: 
Period:	Date of teaching:
REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
Chúng ta dùng danh động từ ở lời nói gián tiếp khi dùng động từ tường thuật đi với danh động từ hoặc cụm động từ đi với danh động từ.
	“I’ve always wanted to study abroad.”, he said
	He’s dreaming of studying abroad.
	“I’m sorry, I’m late.”, Tom said to the teacher.
	Tom apologized to the teacher for being late.
Week: 	Date of preparation: 
Period:	Date of teaching:
EXERCISES OF REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
I. Choose the best correct answer:
1) Jack admitted ....................... the money.
A. steal	B. to steal 	C. stealing	 D. stolen
2) Thank you very much ........................ lending me your bike.
A. about	B. in	 	C. for	 D. of
3) Don’t ......................... him to arrive early. He’s always late.
A. think	B. judge	 	C. hope 	D. expect
 4) I wouldn’t ..................... of going to the party I hadn’t been invited to.
A. dream	B. intend	 	C. depend 	D. rely
 5) The instructor warned the students ............ sailing alone on the lake.
A. on	B. for	C. of	 	D. against
 6) The manager ....................... the men to turn to work immediately.
A. insisted	B. suggested	C. demanded 	D. ordered
 7) Her mother prevented her ..................... going out tonight.
A. against	B. from	C. about 	D. at
 8) I apologized ........................ the book at home.
A. for leaving	B. to leaving	C. leaving	 	D. to leave
II. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
 1) I’d like to thank your brother for your help.
 A B C D
 2) Mrs. Allen was concerned about my have to drive so far every day.
 A B C D
 3) You can congratulate yourself about having done an excellent job.
 A B C D
 4) Peter apologized for break the vase.
 A B C D
 5) He insisted on seeing the manager tomorrow.
 A B C D
III. Write the following sentences in Reported Speech.
 1) “It was really kind of you to help me.” Mary said to you.
à Mary thanked me........................................................................................
 2) “I’ll drive you to the airport.” John said to Linda..
à John insisted................................................................................................
 3) “You have passed the final exams. Congratulations!” Jim said to you 
à Jim congratulated me..................................................................................
 4) “It was nice of you to invite me to the dinner. Thank you”, Miss White said to Peter.
à Miss White thanked.....................................................................................
 5) “Don’t play with the matches!” I said to Jack.
à I warned.......................................................................................................
 6) “I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier”, Margaret said to you.
à Margaret apologized...................................................................................
 7) “I have always wanted to be a pilot”, Paul said to you.
à Paul has always dreamed of.......................................................................
 8) “You didn’t do what I said”, the mother said to her son.
à The mother accused.....................................................................................
KEY
I. 1) C. stealing	2) C. for	 3) D. expect	4) A. dream	
 5) D. against	6) D. ordered	7) B. from	8) A. for leaving
II. 1) D. his help	2) B. having	3) C. on	4) C. breaking
 5) D. the following day/ the day after.
III. 1) Mary thanked me for helping her. 
 2) John insisted on driving her to the airport.
 3) Jim congratulated me on passing the final exams.
 4) Miss White thanked Peter for inviting her to the dinner.
 5) I warned Jack against playing with matches.
 6) Margaret apologized for not phoning me earlier.
 7) Paul has always dreamed of being a pilot.
 8) The mother accused her son of not doing what she had said.
Week: 	Date of preparation: 
Period:	Date of teaching:
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 
Type
If Clause
Main Clause
I
The present simple tense
- Present of modal + V
- imperative
- request
Câu điều kiện loại này được dùng để diễn tả sự kiện có thể xảy ra ở tương lai
If it rains, we won’t go on a picnic.
If anyone calls, please take the message.
II
The past subjunctive
(Be were)
Past of modal + V
Loại điều kiện này được dùng diễn tả điều kiện không thật hoặc trái với thực tế ở hiện tại.
If my brother were here, he would help me with this work.
If you saw a fire, what would you do?
III
The Past perfect
Past of modal + have + Vp.p
Điều kiện này diễn tả sự kiện trái với thực tế ở quá khứ
If he had studied hard last year, he would have passed the exam.
+ Note: Bỏ IF ở mệnh đề điều kiện:
Nếu mệnh đề điều kiện có trợ động từ, chúng ta có thể bỏ If bằng cách dùng đảo ngữ.
If you had come to the party, you would have met your brother.
Had you come to the party, you would have met your brother.
If I were you, I wouldn’t take the job offer.
Were I you, I wouldn’t take the job offer.
* CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN REPORTED SPEECH:
1/ Điều kiện có thể xảy ra:
- He said, “If I have much money, I’ll travel around the world.”
	He said (that) if he had much money, he would travel around the world.
	- “If it rains, take the clothes in.”, her mother said to her.
	Her mother told her to take the clothes if it rained.
2/ Điều kiện không thật: chúng ta giữ nguyên , không đổi
He said, “If I had two wings, I’d fly everywhere.”
	He said (that) if he had two wings, he would fly everywhere.
Week: 	Date of preparation: 
Period:	Date of teaching:
EXERCISES ABOUT CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 
I. Choose the best correct answer:
1) If the ball .......... the line, that would have been the end of the game.
A. would cross	B. will cross 	C. had crossed D. crossed
2) If someone knocked a candle over, it ...................... a fire.
A. will start	B. started 	C. would start D. would have started
 3) If you ......................... told us about the bad service, we would have eaten there.
A. hadn’t	B. don’t	C. didn’t 	D. wouldn’t have 
4) What would Tom do if he ............................... the truth?
A. would know	B. knows	 	C. had known 	D. knew
 5) If I ........................ you were sick. I would have called sooner.
A. knew	B. had known	C. know D. would have known
6) If there ......................... a row, I’m going to keep out of it.
A. will be	B. is	 	C. were 	D. had been
 7) If I ........................... you, I’d call and apologize.
A. am	B. were	C. would be 	D. was
 8) Jack will win the election if he ......................... harder.
A. will campaign	B. would campaign
C. campaigned	 	D. campaigns
II. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
 1) If you were here yesterday, you would have seen Jean.
 A B C D
 2) We should visit that part of the country if it will be spring.
 A B C D
 3) If I will make a difficult decision, I always discuss it with my friends.
 A B C D
 4) We could had done more if we had had more time
 A B C D
 5) He said that if he has more time, he would come to see us.
 A B C D
III. Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct form.
 1) If someone (walk).................................. in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
 2) I’m sure he (understand) .................................... if you explain the situation to her.
 3) If she hadn’t walked to the meeting, she (not be)................................... late. 
 4) He always (complain) .................................... if I’m late.
 5) If he spoke more clearly, we (understand) ................................... him.
 6) If the woman (say) ................................ what she wanted, I wouldn’t have put the phone down.
 7) If they arrived in time, they (see) ................................. the ceremony.
 8) If you (ask).................................... me, I would explain it to you.
IV. WRITING: Arrange these words or groups of words in the correct order.
 1) phone number/ call/ her/ I/ if/ you/ me/ her/ give/ will
à.......................................................................................................................
 2) had/ money/ I/ If/ had/ the/ ,/ bought/ new/ would/ suit/ I/ have/ a 
à....................................................................................................................... 
 3) population/of/ has/the/modern/ increased/ times/more/The/ in/ world
à.................................................................................................................................................................... 
 4) of/ limits/are/ also/ the/ resources/ amounts/ There/ to/ natural 
à....................................................................................................................... 
 5) methods/for/Safe/are/available/them/to/birth-control/family planning
à....................................................................................................................... 
KEY
I. 1) C. had crossed 	2) C. would start 	3) A. hadn’t	4) D. knew
 5) B. had known	6) B. is	7) B. were	8) D. campaigns
II. 1) B. had been	2) D. were	3) A. make	4) A. could have 5) B. had 
III. 1) walked 	 2) will understand	3) wouldn’t have been 	 4) will complain
 5) would understand	6) had said	7) would see	8) asked
IV. WRITING
 1) I will call her if you give me her phone number.
 2) If I had had the money, I would have bought a new suit.
 3) The population of the world had increased in modern times.
 4) There are also limits of the amounts of natural recourse. 
5) Safe birth-control methods for family planning are available to them.