Optional Lesson 2 - English 11

Optional Lesson 2- English 11
A. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
	Each summer, the Winant and Clayton Volunteer program sends a group of Americans to volunteer in London for seven weeks and provides housing and a small stipend to help defray the high cost of living. After seven weeks of volunteering, participants have two weeks to travel independently before returning to London to evaluate the program and get their flight back to the United States.
	The application includes a few short essays, a series of questions about the type of placement one would prefer, and an informal interview with former volunteers that gives applicants a chance to find out more about the program.
	Deciding to participate takes a small leap of faith. The roster of volunteer placements and housing options can change from year to year and volunteers can’t choose their placement in advance. But once you’re accepted you instantly feel that you’ve joined a close-knit group. The volunteer coordinator is in frequent contact through mailings and e-mails to help you prepare for the trip, and there is a daylong orientation in New York that bring all the volunteers together before departure for London. 
1. How long do a group of Americans volunteer in London?
	A. Two weeks.	B. Each summer.	C. Seven weeks	 D. Three weeks
2. What does the Winant and Clayton Volunteer program provide them with?
	A. Housing and a small stipend	B. A few short essays.
	C. Transportation.	D. Foods and clothes
3. Which of the following is NOT included in the application?
	A. A series of questions about the type of placement one would prefer.
	B. An informal interview with former volunteers.
	C. A few short essays.
	D. The roster of volunteer placements.
4. What can the volunteers do after seven weeks of volunteering ?
	A. They can have two weeks to travel independently.
	B. They can have two weeks to evaluate the program.
	C. They can return to London.
	D. They can get their flight back to the United States.
5. How does the volunteer coordinator keep in contact with you?
	A. Through television and newspapers	B. Through telephone and e-mails
	C. Through mailings and e-mails	D. Through radio and cell phone.
B. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage:
	The program is set up in Kolkata, which is located in eastern India on the east bank of the River Hooghly. The city has a (1) of almost 5 million, the fourth largest city in India. Volunteers will need to (2)  a taxi from the airport at their own expense. You will be met by a member of their (3) and taken to the guest house. Volunteers are accommodated in shared rooms and will need to use public transport to get to the various placement sites. As a volunteer in India you must be at (4)  18 years of age – the upper age limit is 60 and in good health, must be a native speaker of English or can speak English (5)  , must be enthusiastic and have cultural sensitivity and respect. 
	1. A. people	B. person	C. population	D. dweller
	2. A. use	B. take	C. keep	D. do
	3. A. organize	B. organization	C. organizable	D. organizational
	4. A. last	B. least	C. late	D. latest
	5. A. quickly 	B. carefully	C. hardly	D. fluently
C. Choose the word or phrase A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage:
	In the United States, volunteering is (1)  as a good way to give children a sense of community responsibility and to bring the family together. Volunteerism is (2)  across the United States today because people are trying to put more emphasis on family togetherness , and they are looking (3) ways to help young people have a feeling of hope and satisfaction. It is (4) that volunteering helps children discover their talents, develop their skills, and learn about (5) and problem solving.
	1. A. respected	B. viewed	C. inspected	D. showed
	2. A. growing	B. traveling	C. extending	D. forming
	3. A. on	B. of	C. for	D. at
	4. A. regarded	B. believed	C. concerned	D. accepted
	5. A. operation	B. corporation	C. correspondence	D. cooperation
Optional Lesson 3- English 11
Describing Table
1. The organization: 
Topic sentence
Tells what the table is about; that is the time, the location, and what is being described in it.
Supporting sentences
-a sentence that sums up the general trend.
-sentences that describe the table in detail
Concluding sentence
Summarizes the main point or draw a relevant conclusion
(However, it is optional.)
2. The language use:
+ Verb tenses: 
The table shows the present situation -> the simple present tense
The table shows the past even -> the simple past tense
The topic sentence -> the simple present tense
 Eg: The table shows that
 The table describes that 
 The table presents 
+ Describing trends and changes : 
	Expressions of changes: 
fluctuate 	
gradually decrease
slightly increase
remain the same
drop sharply
rise considerably 
Verbs
Noun.
Adjectives
Adverbs
Rise
Increase
Decrease
Drop
Fall
Fluctuate
Remain (the same)
Rise
Increase
Decrease
Drop
Fall
Fluctuation
No / little change
Slight
Steady
Sharp
Gradual
Dramatic
Considerable
Slightly
Steadily
Sharply
Gradually
Dramatically
Considerably
Some tips to tackle a table:
+ To understand a table, it is important to firstly understand its topic. The topic of a table can generally be found by looking at its title. Pay attention to the time reported in it as well. Is it the past, the present, or the future?
+ Then it is important to look for the general trend that the table describes. What patterns are shown? It there an overall trend? Look for the exceptions to the general trend, if there are any. Finally, look for the differences in detail.
3. The model
Literacy rates in Southeast Asia Countries from 1992 to 1999
Countries 
Literacy rate (%)
1992
1999
males
females
males
females
Cambodia
Thailand
Vietnam
53
93
94
54
90
86
85
95
96
72
92
90
The table describes the literacy rates in some Southeast Asia Countries from 1992 to 1999. As can be seen, they varied considerably. In Cambodia, there was a dramatic increase in the number of both males and females who were literate. Fox example, In 1992, 53% of males can read and write; 54% of females were literate. However, this rates increased sharply in 1999. The numbers were much higher for both males and females with rates of 85% and 75%. But in Thailand, the literacy rose steadily from 93% and 90% in 1992 to 95% and 92% in 1999.. In Vietnam, the rate went up gradually from 94% and 80% in 1992 to 96% and 90% in 1999. This data may help the researchers make suitable plans for educational development in each country.
Topic sentence
The table describes the literacy rates in some Southeast Asia Countries from 1992 to 1999.
Supporting sentences
As can be seen, they varied considerably.
In Cambodia,.
Concluding sentence
This data may help the researchers make suitable plans for educational development in each country.
+ Verb tenses: 
The topic sentence -> the simple present tense “The table describes “
The table shows the past even -> the simple past tense
 + Describing trends and changes : 
	Expressions of changes: 
“varied considerably, dramatic increase, increased sharply, rose steadily , went up gradually” 
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Optional Lesson 4- English 11
Describing Table
II. Practice : (30ms)
“ Write a paragraph of about 100 words describing the information in some mountainous area of Vietnam in the table below:
Drop- out rates among children aged between 10 – 15 in 2000 – 2006
2000 (%)
2003(%)
2006(%)
Province A
Province B
Province C
50
80
75
40
60
74
30
40
76
The model:
The table describes the drop-out rates among children aged between 10-15 in some mountainous areas of Viet nam from 2000 to 2006. As can be seen, they varied considerably. In province A, there was a slightly decrease in the number of children who were drop school. Fox example, In 2000, there were 50% of children who were drop school. However, this rates decreased in 2003 (40%) and only 30% in 2006. In province B, the rate dropped steadily from 80% in 2000 and 60% in 2003 to 40% in 2006. But In province C, the rate went up gradually from 75% in 2000 and 74% in 2003 to 76% in 2006. This data may help the researchers make suitable plans for decreasing drop- out rates among children aged between 10-15 in some mountainous areas of Viet nam.
Optional Lesson 5- English 11
REPORTED SPEECH WITH TO- INFINITIVE
Form: Verb + (Object) + (NOT) TO-Inf
Meaning and usage: It is used to report others’ Orders, requests, advice, threats, warning, promises, agreements,  
+ Verbs with Objects: “advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, remind, command, forbid, force, help, teach, instructs, invite, like, need, love, tell, oblige, order, permit, persuade, recommend, want, warn, ”
+ Verbs without Objects: “Agree, arrange, decide, demand, expect, hope, intend, learn, manage, plan, refuse, seem, wait, fail, want, promise, ask, wish, threaten.”.
+ Changes of Adverbs of time and place
Examples:
Affirmative : He said to Tim” Hurry up”
 -> He told Tim to hurry up.
Negative : He said “ I’ll not tell him this news ”.
 -> He promised not to tell him that news.
NOTES: 
- when there isn’t a direct object, we understand that it is “me”
 - We don’t use “say” in this structure.
Direct: Lan said to him” Raise your hands”.	
Reported speech: Wrong: Lan said to him to raise his hands.
 Right : Lan told / asked him to raise his hands
Practice 
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer among a, b, c, d.
“ Would you like to spend the weekend with us?” 
They  her to spend the weekend with them 
a. advised	b. ordered	c. invited	d. begged
“ Could you open the window please?”
She . him to open the window.
a. reminded	b. ordered	c. invited	d. asked
“ Don’t forget to post the letter!” He  me to post the letter.
a. reminded	b. ordered	c. asked	d. begged
“ Please, please, turn down the radio!”
Mark’s sister .him to turn down the radio down.
a. reminded	b. ordered	c. asked	d. begged
“ Don’t play with the matches. They’re very dangerous.”
The teacher . the children not to play with the matches.
a. reminded	b. warned	c. asked	d. begged
“I won’t lend you any money more.” -> Tom ..to lend me any more money.
a. reminded	b. ordered	c. refused	d. begged
Exercise 2 : Put these sentences into Reported Speech
Eg: “ Please keep quiet!” -> The librarian told them to keep quiet.
Eg: “ Please keep quiet!” -> The librarian told them to keep quiet.
“ I won’t do it again” -> Tom promised..
“ Could you lend me your bicycle for a day?” -> Mai asked ..
“ Would you like to go with me to the market?” -> She invited..
“ Take these medicines and go to bed early.” -> The doctor advised  .
“ You should stop smoking.” -> Nam’s father advised.
Exercise 3 : Rewrite these sentences with the verbs in brackets
“ I will buy you ac ice-cream” ( Promise) ->.
 “ Would you like to come to my birthday party?” ( Invite) ->
“ You’ve got to lend me some money! Oh, please, please! “ ( Beg) ->
“ You should get up early, Tom” ( Advise) ->.
Optional Lesson 6- English 11
REPORTED SPEECH WITH GERUND
Form: 
 V + (Object) + (Preposition) + (NOT) + V-ing
+ Verbs with prepositions: thank for, accuse of, apologize  for, congratulationon, insist on, dream of, warnagainst, prevent/ stopfrom, think of, 
+ Verbs without prepositions: stop, deny, admit, suggest, 
Eg:
Affirmative : Nga said that she was sorry she drop the vase ( apologize)
 -> Nga apologized for dropping the vase.
Negative : “ I’m sorry I didn’t phone you earlier” John said to you.
 -> John apologized for not phoning me earlier.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer among a, b, c, d.
He insisted .paying the rent
A. at 	B. in	C. on	D. for
Go and apologized  not phoning her.
A. about	B. for	C. in	D. on
“I’m sorry, I was rude to you yesterday” Mary said to me.
A. I apologized for being rude to me yesterday.
B. Mary apologized me for having been rude to me the day before.
C. Mary apologized for being rude to me yesterday.
D. Mary apologized to me as she was rude to me the day before.
I couldn’t prevent him from his money.
A. spending	B. spend	C. to spend	D. being spent
They are opposed to the money.
A. borrow	B. be browed	C. borrowing	D. be borrowing
Exercise 2 : Put these sentences into Reported Speech
Eg: “Thanks for helping me.” Tom said.
 -> Tom thanked me for helping her.
“ You didn’t do what I said,” the mother said to her son.
-> The mother accused .of 
The boy said that he didn’t break the door.
-> The boy denied .
“ I have always wanted to be a famous singer,” Lan said to her friends.
-> Lan has always dreamed of 
“ We should go for a picnic at weekend,” Ba said.
-> Ba suggested
“ I’m sorry I hurt your feeling,” Mary said to Tom.
-> Mary apologized  for
“Don’t stay up very late at night!” The mother said to her children.
 -> The mother warned.against
Exercise 3: Rewrite these sentences with the verbs in brackets
“ It was very nice of you to visit us. Thank you,” He said ( thank)
-> .
“What about having a party?” ( suggest)
-> . 
“ John said he will buy a new computer” ( think)
-> .
 The thief said that he didn’t take the bicycle. ( deny)
-> .
Optional Lesson 6- English 11
READING : WORLD POPULATION
I. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage:
 Man cannot go on increasing numbers at the present rate. In the next 30 years, man will face a period of crisis. (1)..........experts believe that there will be a widespread food (2).......... . Other experts think this is too pessimistic, and that man can prevent things from getting worse than they are now. But (3)........ that two-thirds of the people in the world are undernourished or starving now.
 One thing that man can do is to limit (4).........of babies born. The need (5)........this is obvious, but it is not easy to achieve. People have to be persuaded to limit their families. In the country of the population (6).........., many people like big families. The parents think that this brings a bigger income for the family and ensures there will be someone in the family who will look after them in old age.
 Several governments have (7).........birth control policies in recent years. (8)......... them are Japan, China, India, and Egypt. In some (9)........., the results have not been succeeded. Japan has been an exception the Japanese adopted a birth control policy in 1948. People (10).......to limit their families. The birth rates fell from 34.3 per thousand to about 1,7.0 per thousand per year at present. 
1. A. Any 	B. Some 	C. More 	D. All
2. A. need 	B. want 	C. absence 	D. shortage
3 . A. to remember	B. remember 	C. remembered 	D. remembering
4. A. a number 	B. the number 	C. an amount 	D. the amount
5. A. for 	B. in 	C. of 	D. about
6. A. bursting 	B. raising 	C. explosion 	D. extension
7. A. adjusted 	B. created 	C. adopted 	D. presented
8. A. Of 	B. Among 	C. Between 	D. Out of
9. A. cases 	B. exceptions 	C. examples 	D. events 
10. A. encourage 	B. encouraged 	C. were encouraged 	D. are encouraged 
II. Choose the item among A, B, C or D that best answers the question about the passage:
 The first census of the American people in 1790 listed fewer than four million residents, most of whom had come from England. Ten years later, 1800, although the English were still a majority, many Irish, Dutch, German, Swedish, Scottish, and French settlers had come to make their homes in the United States. Immigrants from all of these, nations, along with an undocumented number of Africans who had been brought into the country as slaves, provided labor for the rapidly growing cities and the frontier farms. They built factories, roads, and canals, pushing west to settle towns on the edges of the American territory.
 By 1880, large numbers of central and southern Europeans began to find their way to America. Italian, Greek, Russian, Austrian, Armenian, and Slavic immigrants settled in the cities where they supplied labour for Hundreds of new Industries. The census of 1910 listed almost one million immigrants.
 After the Civil War, many Asians began to arrive, primarily to work on the railroads in the West. Chinese labourers by the thousands led the way, followed by Korean and Japanese immigrants. In more recent years, hundreds of thousands of refugees have come to the United States, the largest numbers are from Hungary, Cuba, Lebanon, and the West Indies.
The United States is unique in the world because, with the notable exception of the Native Americans, all Americans are immigrants or the descendants of them.
1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
 A. A History of American Immigrants.
 B. A History of Immigrants in the Nineteenth Century.
 C. A History of European Immigrants to the United States.
 D. A History of Urban and Agricultural Development in the United States.
2. When did many Italians immigrants enter the United States?
 A. In 1790. 	B. In 1800. 	C. In 1880. 	D. In 1960.
3. The author mentions all of the following as residents listed in the 1800 census EXCEPT..........
 A. Germans 	B. English 	C. French 	D . Italians 
4. The word "majority" in line 3 is closest in meaning to ..........
 A. the largest number 	B. the smallest number C. the average number D. the correct number 
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author' attitude towards immigrants is..... 
 A. discourteous 	B. respectful 	C. prejudiced 	D . disinterested