Giáo án môn học Tiếng Anh khối 11 - Unit 11: Sources of energy

UNIT 11	SOURCES OF ENERGY
Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box.
exhaust 	release 	alternate 	research 	relate
supply 	renew 	pollute 	harm 	finite
Coal, gas and oil are non-renewable forms of energy that can not be replaced after used.
The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation's energy supplies.
Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.
Increased consumption will lead to faster exhaustion of our natural resources.
Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop alternative energy sources.
Oxygen from the water is released into the atmosphere.
Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time.
How to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world.
These pesticides are environmentally harmful.
Water power provides energy without pollution.
Replace the relative clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase.
He was the first man who left the burning building.
He was the first man to leave the burning building.
The last person who leaves the room must turn out the lights.
The last person to leave the room must turn out the lights.
The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone that he could play with. 
The child is lonely; he would be happier if he had someone to play with.
Here are some accounts that you must check.
Here are some accounts for you to check.
My brother is the only one who realized the danger.
My brother is the only one to realize the danger.
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde.
We had a river in which we could swim.
We had a river to swim in. 
She said that she wasn't going to buy any cards; she hadn't anyone to whom she could send cards. 
She said that she wasn't going to buy any cards; she hadn't anyone to send cards to.
Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.
The fifth man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
The fifth man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
I wish we had a garden that my children could play in.
I wish we had a garden for my children to play in.
I have some homework that I must do tonight.
I have some homework to do tonight.
Have you brought a book that Kevin can read?
Have you brought a book for Kevin to read?
She is the only woman who was appointed to the board.
She is the only woman to be appointed to the board.
The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush that I can sweep it with.
The floor is dusty but I haven't got a brush to sweep it with.
Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases. Use the participles.
Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
Only a few of the movie shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
The couples who live in the house next door are both college professors. 
The couples living in the house next door are both college professors.
A knuckle is a point that connects a finger to the rest of the hand.
A knuckle is a point connecting a finger to the rest of the hand.
Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth's fresh water.
Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap containing 70 percent of the earth's fresh water. 
Only a small fraction of the eggs that are' laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
Only a small fraction of the eggs laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood.
Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man who was slumped in the door way.
None of the pedestrians walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man slumped in the door way.
Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus.
Food passing from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube called the esophagus.
Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild.
Animals born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those captured in the wi1d.
The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse.
The children attended a special movie program consisting of cartoons featuring Donal Duck and Mickey Mouse.
The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture.
The Indians living in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture.
I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
I was awakened by the sound of laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel.
Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, being + -ed or to-infinitive form of these verbs. 
build drive educate elect flow travel introduce need
print say ten off give write win appear
The man driving the bus is my brother.
I went to a reunion for students educated in the physics department during the 1980s. 
As my aunt told me what she thought, I felt like a schoolboy being told off by his headmaster. 
There is a sign on the gate saying 'Entry forbidden'.
Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here,
Across the river were some of the deer introduced into the park in the 19th century.
Rivers flowing into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago.
New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote.
The booklets being printed as we speak will be on sale later this afternoon,
Anyone needing further information can see me in my office.
The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open.
Mary O'Brien, the Democrat elected to the council only last week, has resigned. 
We live in a house built in 1906.
Any passengers traveling to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train.
Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks.
Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
We visited Madrid, which is the capital of Spain.
We visited Madrid, the capital of Spain.
Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences.
Astronomy, the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences.
Jasmine, which is a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
Jasmine, a viny plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places.
Arizona, which was once though to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.
Arizona, once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state.
Simon Bolivar, who was a great. South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.
Simon Bolivar, a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 19th century.
Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
Few tourists ever see a jaguar, a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America.
Nero, who was Emperor of Rome from AD 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.
Nero, Emperor of Rome from A.D 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife.
In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.
In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonate, a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar.
My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier.
My uncle Elias, a restaurant owner, often buy fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier. 
Honolulu, which is best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.
Honolulu, best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather.
Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
She refuse to answer, which was disappointing.
Her refusal to answer was disappointing.
I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere.
Nowhere have I seen a more wonderful building.
It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly.
We are disappointed not have heard from Molly.
'Well done, I'm so glad you've passed your exam."
I congratulated her/ him on passing her/ his exam.
Somebody really ought to look into this problem further.
This problem really ought to be looked into further.
Nobody has paid for the tickets, have they?
The tickets haven't been paid for, have they?
If I hadn't examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake
Had I not examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake.
Tom arrived late and started complaining.
Not only did Tom arrive late, but he started complaining.
Smuggling pets is a serious offense, because there is a danger of rabies.
Because of the danger of rabies, smuggling pets is a serious offense.
I wish I could play tennis really well.
I'd like to be able to play tennis really well.
TEST 1
PRONUNCIATION 
Choose the words that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
a. exhaust 	b. source 	c. enormous 	d. cause
a. sun 	b. solar 	c. safe 	d. sure
a. heat 	b. great 	c. release 	d. reach
a. geothermal 	b. power 	c. solar 	d. hydro
a. polluted 	b. consume 	c. nuclear 	d. fuel
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase.
The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends ______ the atmosphere.
a. to 	b. in 	c. on 	d. with
The natural environment consists ______ all natural resources.
a. in 	b. of 	c. to 	d. on
Solar energy can be changed ______ electricity.
a. in 	b. to 	c. into 	d. for
Oil, coal and natural gas are ______ fuels made from decayed material from animal or plants.
a. unleaded 	b. smokeless 	c. solid 	d. fossil
A nuclear reactor releases ______ which is dangerous to the environment.
a. radiation 	b. heat 	c. energy 	d. carbon dioxide
We could make better ______ of our energy resources.
a. spend 	b. use 	c. need 	d. limit
The government has spent £1 million on an advertising ______ to encourage energy conservation.
a. campaign 	b. promotion 	c. operation 	d. enterprise
All fossil fuels are ______ resources that cannot be replaced after use.
a. unlimited 	b. renewable 	c. available 	d. non-renewable
Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe.
a. boundless 	b. unlimited 	c. uncountable 	d. inflexible
Many newer cars have a much lower fuel ______.
a. consuming 	b. consumer 	c. consumation 	d. consumption ... ave revolutionized 	d. has revolutionized
Seldom ______ each other anymore.
a. we have seen 	b. do we see 	c. we do see 	d. we see
Dry cleaning is the process ______ clothes are cleaned in liquids other than water.
a. by 	b. which through 	c. by which 	d. through
It's time the government ______ something to encourage people to conserve energy.
a. do 	b. did 	c. have done 	d. will do
Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that needs correcting.
Grover Cleveland was the only American president served two
 A B
nonconsecutive terms. (to serve/who served)
 C D
The world's rain forests are being cut down at the rate on 3,000 acres
 A B C (of)
per hour.
 D
Many environmentalists fear that the earth will run out essential
 A B C (out of essential)
natural resourses before the end of the twenty-fifth century.
 D
Chicago's Sears Tower, now the tallest building in the world, rises
 A B
1,522 feet from the ground, to the top of it antenna.
 C D (its)
In just three months H.G. Wells wrote the famous classic The Time
 A B 
Machine for what he won a Newberry Caldecot award.
 C (which) D
If the concentration of chlorine in water is careful controlled, it will not
 A B C
harm human beings. (carefully controlled)
 D 
Because much species of plants and animals in Hawaii ate threatened
 A (many) B
with extinction within a short period of time, scientists are trying
 C D
desperately to rescue them.
Every fuel has their own particular temperature at which it begins
 A (has its) B C D
to burn.
Nuclear energy, a almost limitless source of power, was harnessed
 A (an) B C
during the mid-1900s.
 D
Her many friends, among who I like to be considered, gave
 A B (among whom) C
her encouragement.
 D
READING
Read the text below and decide which answer - a, b, c or d - best fits each space.
Although they are safe to use in the short term, coal, gas and oil present a long-term (36) ______ to the environment. All three types of fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide in (37) ______ greater .quantities than plants can use. The carbon dioxide then (38) ______ in the atmosphere and may even increase the earth's 'heat load' and lead to global (39) _____ in temperature. Furthermore, all three fossil 'fuels are (40) ______ forms of energy. Geothermal power is (41) ______ ever to be an energy source of major importance. It is limited and is exploitable in only a few places. Hydro-power offers a much more useful source of energy. It is also renewable but its (42) ______ is limited. Dams cannot be built in certain areas. In addition, large dams are also (43) ______ of causing changes in the world's climate. Wind power is a (44) ______ source of renewable energy but it cannot be used in many parts of the world where there is (45) ______ wind. Wave power is better source of energy in certain ways but it is clearly not practicable to build (46) ______ across every river estuary or to cover seas with expensive equipment. It is also ineffective where the sea is usually calm. Solar power is renewable, it does not cause pollution and it does not add to the earth's heat (47) ______. Unfortunately, solar power is not distributed equally, and in the northern latitudes it is difficult to (48) ______ and store. Solar power' also requires expensive equipment. Finally, nuclear power provides a very (49) ______ and renewable power source. However, not only is there a great danger of leaks or accidents but there is also the problem of the (50) ______ of radioactive waste.
a. warning 	b. fight 	c. threat 	d. demand
a. more 	b. far 	c. very 	d. every
a. accumulates 	b. disperses 	c. discharges 	d. releases
a. raise 	b. change 	c. drop 	d. rise
a. renewed 	 b. non-renewed c. renewable 	d. non-renewable
a. mostly 	b. unlikely 	c. highly 	d. mainly
a. availability	b. alternativity 	 c. consumption 	 d. development
a. consisting 	b. composed 	c. capable 	d. typical
a. power-free 	b. limit-free 	c. problem-free 	d. pollution-free
a. inefficient 	b. insufficient 	c. unlimited 	 d. nonexistent
a. harbors 	b. banks 	c. dams 	d. systems
a. loss 	b. exhaustion 	c. dispersion 	d. load
a. collect 	b. save 	c. gain 	d. pick
a. potential 	 	b. efficient 	c. convenient 	d. dangerous
a. supply 	b. solution 	c. disposal 	d. influence
Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers.
At present, people depend on unlimited energy to power their everyday lives. A wide range of energy-run devices and modern conveniences are taken for granted, and although it may seem that we will never be in danger of living without those conveniences, the fact is that many supplies of energy are dwindling rapidly. Scientists are constantly searching for new sources of power to keep modern society running. Whether future populations will continue to enjoy the benefit of abundant energy will depend on the success of this search.
Coal, oil, and natural gas supply modern civilization with most of its power. However, not only are supplies of these fuels limited, but they are a major source of pollution. If the energy demands of the future are to be met without seriously harming the environment, existing alternative energy sources must be improved or further explored and developed. These include nuclear, water, solar, wind, and geothermal power, as well as energy from new, nonpolluting types of fuels. Each of these alternatives, however, has advantages and disadvantages.
Nuclear power plants efficiently produce large amounts of electricity without polluting the atmosphere; however, they are costly to build and maintain, and they pose the daunting problem of what to do with nuclear wastes. Hydroelectric power is inexpensive and environmentally safe, but impractical for communities located far from moving water. Harnessing energy from tides and waves has similar drawbacks. Solar power holds great promise for the future but methods of collecting and –concentrating sunlight are as yet inefficient, as are methods of harnessing wind power.
Every source of energy has its disadvantages. One way to minimize them is to use less energy. Conservation efforts coupled with renewable energy resources, such as a combination of solar, water, wind, and geothermal energy and alternative fuels, such as alcohol and hydrogen, will ensure supplies of clean, affordable energy for humanity's future.
The passage suggests that ______.
a. people use energy without giving great thought to where it's coming from.
b. the search for energy sources is mainly a problem for the future
c. scientists believe we will never have to go without our modern conveniences
d. modern society requires a minimum amount of energy to keep running
It can be implied from the passage that ______.
a. most alternative energy sources have proven to be impractical
b. many alternative energy' sources. are environmentally hazardous
c. nuclear power solves one problem while creating others
d. solar and wind power are not promising for the future
From the passage, it can be inferred that to solve our energy problems ______.
a. we will have to stop using many of our modern conveniences
b. scientists will have to find one major source of nonpolluting energy
c. scientists will have to find ways to increase our supplies of coal, oil and gas
d. a combination of conservation and invention will be needed
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
a. The search for alternative energy sources is not over.
b. Our present energy sources must be eliminated and replaced with alternatives sources.
c. Alternative sources of energy on this planet are very limited.
d. Demand; for energy in the future are likely to decrease.
Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
a. The amount of fossil fuels in the world is limited.
b. Most alternative energy sources are environmentally friendly.
c. Hydroelectric power is impractical because of its being money consuming.
d. It is impossible to use wind power efficiently at present.
WRITING
From the four words or phrases - a, b, c or d - choose the one that best completes the sentences.
The doctor insited that his patient ______.
a. that he not work too hard for three months
b. take it easy for three months
c. taking it easy inside of three months
d. to take some vacations for three months
He has received several scholarships, _______.
a. not only because of his artistic but his academic ability
b. for both his academic ability as well as his artistic
c. because of his academic and artistic ability
d. as resulting of his ability in the art and the academy
The manager was angry because somebody ______.
a. had allowed the photographers to enter the building
b. had let the photographers to enter into the building
c. permitting the photographers enter the building
d. the photographer let into the building without the proper documentations
______ he would have signed his name in the corner. 
a. If he painted that picture 	b. If he paints that picture
c. If he had painted that picture d. If he would have painted that picture
The higher the content of carbon dioxide in the air, ______.
a. the more heat it retains 	b. more heat it retains.
c. it retains more heat 	d. than it retains more heat
Choose the sentence - a, b, c or d – which is closest in meaning to the printed one.
No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back.
a. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone.
b. Scarely had she put the telephone down when her boss / rang back.
c. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately.
d. She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back.
The Prime Minister is unlikely to call an early general election.
a. It's likely that the Prime Minister will call an early general election.
b. The likelihood is that the Prime Minister will call an early general election.
c. There is little likelihood of the Prime Minister calling an early general election. 
d. In all likelihood the Prime Minister will call an early general election.
Impressed as we were by the new cinema, we found, it rather expensive.
a. The new cinema was more expensive than we expected.
b. We were not impressed by the new cinema at all because it looked rather expensive. 
c. We weren't as much impressed by the new cinema's look as its cost.
d. We were very impressed by the new cinema, but found it rather expensive.
The foreman was too powerful to be afraid of the workers.
a. The foreman was powerful enough, but he was afraid of the workers.
b. The foreman wasn't powerful, so the workers didn't fear him.
c. The foreman was very powerful arid the workers feared him.
d. The foreman was strong enough: not to fear the workers.
'Get in my car. I'll take you to the station.'
a. He offered to give me a lift to the station.
b. He suggested taking me to the station.
c. He promised to give me a lift to the station.
d. He agreed to take me to the station.