Giáo án môn học Tiếng Anh khối 11 - Unit 10: Nature in danger

UNIT 10 	NATURE IN DANGER
Circle the word with the underlined letter(s) pronounced differently from that of the others.
chemical 	discharge 	change 	feature
nature	nation 	suggestion 	situation
scatter 	panda 	capture 	devastate
danger 	village 	tiger 	origin
supply 	dirty 	energy 	happy
swallow 	switch 	sweet 	sword
wild 	prohibit 	environment 	survive,
danger 	race 	discharge 	maintenance
supply 	survive 	industry 	agriculture
scenic 	extinct 	decrease 	coexist
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in the box.
endanger scatter 	coexist 	 pollute 	devastate
discharge prohibit 	survive 	 protect 	capture
Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.
Animals shouldn't be captured for recreation arid entertainment.
The health of our children are being endangered by exhaust fumes. 
The factory was fined for discharging chemicals into the river.
The explosion scattered a flock of birds roosting in the trees.
Laws have been introduced to prohibit killing endangered animals,
The air in the city is heavily polluted with traffic fumes.
The government should do more to protect the environment.
It is possible for local wildlife to coexist with industry.
Western India was devastated by a huge earthquake.
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentences.
The panda's ______ habitat is the bamboo forest.
a. nature 	b. natural 	c. naturalized 	d. naturally
Learners can feel very ______ if an exercise is too difficult.
a. courageous b. encouraging c. discouraged d. discouragingly
The ______ friendly products are designed not to harm the natural environment.
a. environment 	b. environmental 
c. environmentally 	d. environmentalism
The waste from the chemical factory is extremely ______.
a. harm 	b. harmful 	c. unharmed 	d. harmless
People are destroying the air by adding ______ to it.
a. pollutants	b. polluters 	c. pollution 	d. polluted
14 per cent of primate species are highly ______.
a. danger 	b. dangerous 	c. endanger 	d. endangered
The ______ of old buildings should be taken into consideration.
a. preserve 	b. preservation 	c. preservative d. preserves
You have to be aware of the damage humans are doing to quicken the ______ of wildlife.
a. extinct 	b. extinctive 	c. extinctions 	d. extinction
Animal ______ supporters gathered to protest' against hunting.
a. protect 	b. protection 	c. protective 	d. protectionist
The main threat to the ______ of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat.
a. survive 	b. survivor 	c. survival 	d. survivable
Join the sentence halves using which or whom after an appropriate preposition.
the furniture is to be delivered. 	you should be aware.
I had great respect. 	I look up.
most world trade was conducted. 	the printer was supplied.
she was divorced in 1995. 	it was named.
we went on holiday. 	it was primarily written.
My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone for whom I had great respect.
Until 1914 the pound sterling was the currency in/ with which most world trade was conducted.
They have changed the date on/ by which the furniture is to be delivered.
Pasteurisation was discovered by the French chemist Louis Pasteur, after whom it was named.
There are a number of safety procedures of which you should be aware.
Details are in the instruction manual with which the printer was supplied.
Ms. Peters was left the money by her former husband, from whom she was divorced in 1995.
She is one of the few people to whom I look up.
This is a photograph of our friends with whom we went on holiday.
The book is enjoyed by adults as well as children, for whom it was primarily written.
How would you express the sentences you have written above in a less formal way, putting the preposition at the end of the relative clause?
My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone who/ that/ Ø I had great respect for.
Until 1914 the pound sterling was the currency which/that most world trade was conducted in.
They have changed the date which/ that/Ø the furniture is to be delivered on/ by.
Pasteurisation was discovered by the French chemist Louis Pasteur, who it was named after.
There are a number of safety procedures which/ that/ Ø you should be aware of.
Details are in the instruction manual which/ that/ Ø the printer was supplied with. 
Ms Peters was left the money by her former husband, who she was divorced from in 1995. 
She is one of the few people who I look up to.
This is a photograph of our friends who(m)/ that we went on holiday with.
The book is enjoyed by adults as well as children, who it was primarily written for.
Combine the, following pairs or groups of sentences by means of relative pronouns, making any changes necessary. 
Her many friends gave her encouragement. I like to be considered among them.
Her many friends, among whom I like to be considered, gave her encouragement.
Her father died last year. She looked after him for over twenty years.
Her father, who she looked after for over twenty years, died last year.
The bed has no mattress. I sleep on this bed.
The bed (which/that) I sleep on has no mattress./ The bed on which I sleep has no mattress
There wasn't any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
There wasn't any directory in the telephone box, (which/that) I was phoning from.
I was sitting on a chair. It suddenly collapsed.
The chair (which/that) I was sitting on suddenly collapsed./ The chair on which I was sitting suddenly collapsed.
Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come specially to see him.
Mr Smith, whom I had come specially to see, was too busy to speak to me.
I saw several houses. Most of them were quite unsuitable.
I saw several houses, most of which were quite unsuitable.
Graham took us to his office. It was filled with books.
The office (that/which) Graham took us to was filled with books.
Mr Marks is unhappy about the plans for the new dam. The stream flows across his farm.
Mr Marks, whose farm the stream flows across, is unhappy about the plans for the new dam./ Mr Marks, across whose farm the stream flows,
They picked up five boat-loads of refugees. Some of them had been at sea for several months.
They picked up five boat-loads of refugees, some of which had been at sea for several months.
Tom came to the party in patched jeans. This surprised the other guests. Most of the other guests were wearing evening dress.
Tom came to the party in patched jeans, which surprised the other guests, most of whom were wearing evening dress.
The people didn't know French. He was speaking to these people.
The people (who(m)/ that) he was speaking to didn't know French./ The people to whom he was speaking didn't know French.
Mr Jones was very generous about overtime payments. I was working for him.
Mr Jones, who(m) I was working for, was very generous about overtime payments./ Mr Jones, for whom I was working, was very generous ...
The Roman coins are now on display in the National Museum. A local farmer came across them in a field. 
The Roman coins, which a local farmer came across in a field, are now on display in the National Museum.
Professor Johnson is to visit the University next week. I have long looked up to him
Professor Johnson, who(m) I have long looked up to, is to visit the University next week.! Professor Johnson, to whom I have long looked up....
Suggest corrections or improvements to these sentences or write ü if they are already correct.
The playground wasn't used by the children for who it was built. (whom)
The house into which the thieves broke is owned by Peter Brown. (which the thieves broke into)
The building from that Mr Marcus emerged was little more than a ruin. (which)
The party, to which I've been looking forward all week, is at Mary's house. (which I’ve been looking forward to)
The water that she fell into was freezing cold. ü
The college is home to 30 students from Nepal, almost all of who are studying economics. (whom)
I have heard her on the violin and clarinet, both which she plays extremely well. (both of which)
It was the perfect tree under that to sit on a hot, sunny day. (which)
The film was made at Tulloch Castle, part of it dates back to 1466. (which)
A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects of which are still being felt. ü
Complete each of the sentences with an appropriate preposition.
A number of rare animals are now in danger of extinction.
If people's interference in the environment decreases, more species will survive and produce off-spring.
The government should do more to protect rare animals from being extinct.
She believes there is life on other planets.
The EU has imposed a ban on the import of seal skins.
People are destroying the air by adding pollutants to it.
Human beings are responsible for the changes in the environment.
They are changing weather conditions by cutting down trees in the forests.
National parks should be set up to save animals and plants.
Raw sewage was discharged from the treatment plant directly into the river.
Write a passage about the tropical rainforest, using the cues given.
The tropical rainforests/ a delight/ people/ love nature. The forests/ beautiful woodlands/ receive/ plenty of rain.
Nowadays/ tropical rainforests/ danger/ extinction. Each year/ millions of acres/ rainforests/ clear/ make way/ population growth/ agriculture. This/ result/ the destruction/ millions of plants. This destruction/ cause/ some types of animals/ lose/ their natural habitat. Because/ this/ many species/ plants/ animals/ become/ extinct.
It/ important/ us/ save/ the tropical rainforests. Once/ tropical rainforest/ destroy/ it/ take/ hundreds of years/ before/ the forest/ re-establish.
The tropical rainforests are a delight to people who love nature. The forests are beautiful woodlands which receive plenty of rain.
Nowadays, tropical rainforests are in danger of extinction. Each year millions of acres of rainforests are cleared to make way for population growth and agriculture. This results in the destruction of millions of plants. In turn, this destruction causes some types of animals to lose their natural habitat. Because of this, many species of plants and animals are becoming extinct. 
It is important for us to save the tropical rainforests. Once a tropical rainforest is destroyed, it will take hundreds of years before the forest can be re-established
UNIT 10	TEST 1
PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
a. scatter 	b. nature 	c. danger 	d. race
a. exactly 	b. exist 	c. exhaust 	d. extinct
a. feature 	b. species 	c. weather 	d. decrease
a. survive 	b. prohibit 	c. fertilizer 	d. environment
a. decreased b. influenced c. endangered 	d. established
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase. 
What exactly is the influence of air pollutio ... ompletely.
a. die out 	b. die down 	c. die away 	d. die from
The Earth will be a planet where' human beings, animals and plants live in peaceful ______.
a. cooperation 	b. coordination 	c. corporation 	d. coexistence
Overharvesting brought North American alligators to ______ in their natural habitats.
a. nearly extinct b. near extinction c. extinct near d. extinction nearly 
Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c, or d - that best completes the sentence.
The environmentalists hope ______ the forest to its former condition.
a. to restore 	b. restoring 	c. restored 	d. having restored
Several cars ______ owners had parked them under the trees, were damaged.
a. their 	b. of which 	c. whom 	d. whose
My English teacher, Mrs Brookes, was someone ___ I had great respect.
a. that 	b. whom 	c. for who 	d. for whom
If coastal erosion continues to take place at the present rate, in another fifty years this beach ______ anymore.
a. doesn't exist 	b. isn't going to exist 
c. isn’t existing 	d won't be existing
She joined the local tennis club, ______ were at least 60.
a. most of its members 	b. most whose members
c. most of whose members 	d. most members
Since 1950 the world ______ nearly one-fifth of the top soil from its agricultural land and one-fifth of its tropical forests. 
a. was losing 	b. is losing 	c. had been lost 	d. has lost
A lack of cross-cultural awareness can result in misinterpretation, _____
a. that offense may cause 	b. which may cause offense 
c. those may cause offense 	d. for which may cause offense
So thick and rich ______ of Illimois that early settlers there were unable to force a plow through it.
a. as the soil 	b. the soil was 	c. was the soil 	d. the soil
Fleming's discovery of penicillin, ______, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century.
a. awarded the Nobel Prize
b. which awarded the Nobel Prize
c. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for
d. for which he was awarded the Nobel .Prize
______ think of metallurgy as a modern field of science, but it is actually one of the oldest.
a. Although many people 	b. Many people
c. Many people who 	d. That many people
Choose the word or phrase - a, b, c or d - that needs correcting.
Among us students are many foreigners whose attend language classes
 A B C (who)
at the south campus.
 B
Is it right that politicians should make important decisions without
 A B
consulting the public to who they are accountable?
 C D (to whom) 
The environment where wild animals are living is now badly destroying.
 A B C D(destroyed)
AU nations may have to make fundamental changes in their economic,
 A B
political, and the technological institutions if they are to preserve the
 C (technological institutions) D
environment.
Soon after Mel has finished his thesis, he will leave for Boston, where
 A B C
he has a job waiting on him. 
 D (for him)
Many of the important products obtained from trees, one of the most
 A (Of the many) B C
important is wood pulp, which is used in paper-making.
 D
Biochemists have solved many of the mysteries about phonosynthesis,
 A B
the process which plants make food. (the progress by which)
 C D
Air pollution, together with littering, are causing many problems
 A B (is) C
in our large, industrial cities today.
 D
The area where a microchip is manufactured must be the most cleanest
 A B C D (cleanest)
environment possible.
The mining of materials often bring about the destruction of landscapes
 A B C
and wildlife habitats. (brings about)
 D
READING
Read the text below and decide which answer- a, b, c or d - best fits each space. 
In the 1972 the Australian government (36) ______ a quota system which allowed a (n) (37) ______ number of kangaroos to be killed or 'culled' every year. Legislation was introduced because farmers claimed that the kangaroos were (38) ______ their crops. The problem is that (39) ______ two and a half million kangaroos can be killed legally each year, a futher two and a half million are killed illegally. The animals are killed for a variety of (40) ______. The main one, however, is that kangaroo meat is sold for human (41) ______ usually in the (42) ______ of steaks - or is used as pet food. There are also thousands of dollars to be made (43) ______ the sale of their skins.
The environmental group Greenpeace and Australia's Animal Liberation (AAL) are now campaigning for a ban (44) ______ the sale of all kangaroo products. They (45) ______ that this will stop unscrupulous farmers killing the animal for (46) ______. A spokesperson for AAL said, ‘People aren't concerned because there are still (47) ______ six million kangaroos in Australia so they are (48) ______ an endangered species. People just don't care about (49) ______ like this unless there is a real threat. But we know certain types have already become extinct in some areas. We must act now (50) ______ it is too late.
a. introduced 	b. produced 	c. turned out 	d. offered
a. approximate 	b. certain 	c. estimated 	d. unknown
a. enriching 	b. injuring 	c. ruining 	d. spoiling
a. while 	b. because 	c. when 	d. unless
a. results 	b. pretexts 	c. excuses 	d. reasons
a. consumption 	b. need 	c. employment 	d. usage
a. shape 	b. disguise 	c. form 	d. figure
a. by 	b. during 	c. for 	d. from
a. on 	b. of 	c. for 	d. against
a. claim 	b. hope 	c. wonder 	d. consider
a. interest 	b. profit 	c. benefit 	d. advantage
a. exceedingly 	b. another 	c. over 	d. above
a. never 	b. hardly 	c. seldom 	d. unlikely
a. issues 	b. tasks 	c. duties 	d. cases
a. when 	b. unless 	c. until 	d. before
Read the text carefully then choose the correct answers.
Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which 'once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet. 
Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has' had some effect, but by itself It will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 
What is the main topic of the passage?
a. The Bengal tiger 	b. International boycotts
c. Endangered species 	d. Problems with industrialization
The word 'poachers' used in line 7 could be best replaced by which of the followings?
a. Illegal hunters 	b. Enterprising researchers.
c. Concerned scientists 	d. Trained hunters
What is an act of cruelty according to the passage?
a. Having interest in material gain.
b. Hunting endangered animals.
c. Killing animals for personal satisfaction.
d. Causing the problem of extinction. .
Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a way to protect animals from extinction?
a. Introduce laws to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. 
b. Establish wildlife reserves.
c. Refuse to buy animal products.
d. Raise money to invest in equipment and patrol.
Which of the following best describes the author's attitude?
a. Forgiving 	b. Surprised 	c. Vindictive 	d. Concerned
WRITING
From the four words or phrases - a, b, c or d - choose the one that best completes the sentence.
The soybean, a plant native to China and Japan, has become ______ in the United States farming community.
a. one of the most popular crops b. as one of the most popular crops
c. only of the most popular crops 	d. one popular crops most are in
Declared an endangered species in the United States, ______.
a. people have gathered the ginseng root almost to the point of extinction
b. the near extinction of the ginseng root is due to excessive gathering
c. the ginseng root has been gathered almost to the point of extinction
d. gathering the ginseng root almost to the point of extinction.
Of all the endangered South American birds, the jacana has been _____.
a. difficult the most to protect 	b. protected the most difficult
c. to protect the most difficult 	d. the most difficult to protect
______, Luxor did not reach preeminence until about 2000 B.C.E.
a. Many centuries earlier it was founded
b. Although founded many centuries earlier
c. The city founded centuries earlier
d. Founding the city centuries earlier .
Deep in the Rio Bec area of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula ______.
a. does a 1,250-year-old pyramid lie b. lies a 1,250-year-old pyramid
c. a 1,250-year-old pyramid lie 	d. is a 1,250-year-old pyramid lying
Choose the sentence - a, b, c or d - which is closest in meaning to the original one.
The boys must have gone to the sports ground.
a. The boys insisted on going to the sports ground.
b. The boys had better go to the sports ground.
c. The boys were forced to go to the sports ground.
d. The boys probably went to the sports ground.
There aren't many other books which explain this problem so well.
a. In few other books would one see this problem so well explained.
b. This book is very well explained and had no problem. .
c. This is the only book which explains the problem so well.
d. This problem is explained very well in this book as well as in many other books.
The meeting was put off because of the pressure of time.
a. The meeting lasted much longer than usual. .
b. People wanted to get away, so the meeting began early.
c. The meeting is planned to start in a short time. 
d. There was not enough time to hold the meeting.
No one in the family is more sympathetic than Laura.
a. The people in the house is not sympathetic at all.
b. Laura is very sympathetic. 
c. Laura is more sympathetic than many people in the house.
d. Laura is the most sympathetic of all the people in the house
Tom would sooner do without a car than pay all that money for one.
a. Tom is soon going to buy a car.
b. Tom thinks the price is right, but he can't afford it.
c. Tom would never buy a car that costs so much.
d. Tom thinks the price is too high, but he must have the car.