Bài ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh khối 11 - Sentence transformation

SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION.
THE INFINITIVE:
 IT + BE + ADJ + TO Vo . . .
TO Vo . . . + BE + ADJ
V-ING
1.
	 ( thaät laø . . . ñeå laøm . . .)
Ex:
To learn English is difficult.
It is . . . 
Doing this exercise is easy.
It is . . . 
 IT + TAKES + O + time + Vo
 TOOK
 S + V + . . in time . . .
2.
Ex:	( maát . . . thôøi gian ñeå laøm . . .)
She walks to school in fifteen minutes.
It takes . . .
He wrote this letter in thirty minutes.
It took . . . 
Mary spent many hours learning the lessons.
It took . . . 
 S1 + V + SO + ADJ/ ADV + THAT + S2 + (CAN’T) + V
 S1 + V + TOO + ADJ/ ADV + ( FOR O ) + TO Vo
3.
	 ( Quaù . . . cho ñeán noãi khoâng theå . . . )
Ex: 	
	a. She was so sick that she couldn’t go to work.	( 2 chuû ngöõ gioáng nhau )
She was too . . .
b. This soup is too hot for me to eat.	
-> This soup is so . . .	( 2 chuû ngöõ khaùc nhau )
 S + BE + TOO + ADJ + ( FOR O) + TO Vo . . .
 S + BE + NOT + ADJ (traùi nghóa) + ENOUGH + ( FOR O) + TO V
4.
Ex:
He is too young to understand this problem.
 	-> He isn’t . . .
	b. The house is too small for six of us to live in.
The house isn’t . . . 
	 S (NOUN) + V + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE
 S + V + SUCH + A(N) + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + CLAUSE 
	5.	
Ex:
The bridge was so low that the lorry couldn’t go under it.
-> It was such . . . 
He is such a poor boy that he had to work at an early age.
-> The boy was so . . . 
TO INFINITIVE	GERUND
	6. 
Ex:
It was wonderful to see our friends again.
Seeing . . . 
To be watched made me nervous.
Being . . . 
It is dangerous to ride a motorbike than to drive a car.
Riding . . . 
II. BECAUSE + CLAUSE	 BECAUSE OF + PHRASE ( bôûi vì)
 BECAUSE + S + BE + ADJ 
 BECAUSE OF + HIS/ HER/ MY + NOUN
	( sôû höõu) ( Adj-ness)
	1.
Ex: 
He always get bad marks because he is lazy.
Because of . . . 
My friend was absent because of her sickness.
My friend was absent because . . . 
 BECAUSE + THE + NOUN + BE + ADJ
 BECAUSE OF + THE + ADJ + NOUN
2.
Ex:
Because the weather was wet, the football match was put off.
Because of . . . 
We were late for school because of the heavy traffic.
Because . . . 
 BECAUSE + S + V 
 BECAUSE OF + V-ING
3.
Ex:	a. Because he drove carelessly, he had an accident.
Because of . . . 
b. Because of going out in the rain yesterday, she caught cold.
Because . . . 
III. ALTHOUGH + CLAUSE 	IN SPITE OF + PHRASE: ( maëc duø)
	-Although = Though 
	-In spite of = Despite
Caùch bieán ñoåi töø Clause -> Phrase töông töï nhö phaàn II ( Because ).
Ex:
a. The plane took off though the weather was bad.
In spite of . . . 
b. Although he was ill, he went to school.
Despite . . . 
c. Although they tried all their best, they lost the game.
In spite of . . . 
 IV. SO THAT + CLAUSE 	IN ORDER TO + Vo : ( ñeå)
-So that = In order that
	-In order (not ) to + Vo = So as (not ) to + Vo = (not) to + Vo
	-In order (not) for O + to Vo = So as (not) for O + to Vo
Khi chuû ngöõ thöù nhaát cuõng laø ngöôøi laøm chuû haønh ñoäng ôû meänh ñeà sau “ So that”:
khaúng ñònh:
Ex:
 - I shouted so that I could warn everyone of danger.
 I shouted in order to . . . 
- Tom is saving up. He wants to buy a new bicycle.
 Tom is saving up in order to . . . 
 Tom is saving up in order that . . . 
b.Phuû ñònh:
Ex:
 	 - She put on the warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold.
 She put on the warm clothes in order not . . . 
+ He locked the door. She didn’t want to be disturbed.
 He locked the door in order not . . . 
 He locked the door in order that . . . 
2.Khi chuû ngöõ thöù nhaát khoâng phaûi laø ngöôøi thöïc hieän haønh ñoäng ôû meänh ñeà“So that”: 
Khaúng ñònh:
Ex:
	 +The man spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him clearly.
 The man spoke loudly in order for . . .
+He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him.
 He gave me his address in order . . .
 He gave me his address in order that. . . 
Phuû ñònh:
Ex:
	 + Please shut the door so that the dog can’t go out of the house.
Please shut the door in order for . . .
 + Mary hid the novel under her pillow . She didn’t want her father to see it.
Mary hid the novel under her pillow in order that....
Mary hid the novel under her pillow in order for......
VI. S + HAVE / HAS NOT + Ved/ 3 -> IT’S THE FIRST TIME + S + HAVE / HAS + Ved/3
I haven’t seen that man here before.
It’s the first time............. 
I have never read this book before.
It’s the first time ............ 
My father hasn’t driven a car before.
This is the first time........ 
S+ HAVE / HAS + NOT+Ved/3  SINCE ( FOR) -> S + LAST + Ved/2 . . . WHEN . . .
	 -> THE LAST TIME + S + WAS . . .
a. I haven’t heard from him since August.
 The last time ............ 
b. I haven’t seen him since I was a student.
I last saw ................. 
c. I haven’t played football since 1970.
The last time ........... 
IX. S + STARTED/ BEGAN  AGO -> S + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V+ING + SINCE ( FOR)
a. He started working for this factory a year ago.
He has ............. 
He has ............. 
b. Tom began playing the piano four years ago.
Tom has ........... 
X. S+ V (Present perfect)  + TIME	-> IT IS + TIME + SINCE  + V (s. past)
 ( Negative) 
Tom and Mary have been married for five years.
It is .............. 
I haven’t seen my father for one month.
It’s one month ........... 
Tom has not had his hair cut for over 3 months.
It is over ...................