Ôn tập Anh văn 11 - Unit 7: Economics reforms

UNIT 7: ECONOMICS REFORMS 
I. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Vietnam is a densely-populated, developing country that in the last 30 years has had to recover from the ravages of war. Substantial progress was achieved from1986 to 1997 in moving forward from an extremely low level of development and significantly reducing poverty.
Since 2001, Vietnamese authorities have reaffirmed their commitment to economic liberalization and international integration. They have moved to implement the structural reforms needed to modernize the economy and to produce more competitive, export-driven industries. .
Vietnam's membership in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and entry into force of the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement in December 2001.have led to even more rapid changes in Vietnam's trade and economic regime. Vietnam's exports to the US doubled in 2002 and again in 2003.
Vietnam joined the WTO (World Trade Organization) in January 2007, following over a decade long negotiation process. This should provide ail important boost to the economy and should help to ensure the continuation of liberalizing reforms.
Vietnam is working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year. Vietnamese authorities have tightened monetary and fiscal policies to stem high inflation. Hanoi is targeting an economic growth rate of 7.5-8% during the next five years.
Vietnam's economy is _______.
a. decreasing 	b. facing crisis 	c. developing 	d. backward
According to the text, Vietnam _______.
a. used to be well-developed before 1986	b. Vietnam is still in extreme poverty 
c. could recover from the consequences of the war soon	d. has been modernizing the economy
Vietnam _______.
a. does not export anything to the US	b. exported to the US in 2003 twice as much goods as in 2002
c. did not export goods to the US in 2002	d. did not export goods to the US in 2003
The word “This” refers to _______.
a. Vietnam's joining the WTO 	b. the WTO	c. the negotiating process 	d. the Vietnamese economy
The word “stem” has a close meaning to _______.
a. succeed 	b. stop 	c. originate 	d. increase
II. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
Vietnam is considered a third world country, its people live (1) _____ poverty by the millions. After the (2) _____, Vietnam's economy remained dominated by small-scale production, low labor productivity, (3) _____, material and technological shortfalls, and insufficient food and (4) _____ goods. The Doi Moi reforms that were instated in 1986 have shed new light and added new features to the Vietnamese economy. (5) ____ Vietnamese Communist Party plays a leading role in establishing the foundations and principles of communism, mapping strategies for economic development, setting growth targets, and (6) _____ reforms. Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives and (7) _____ the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises. By the late 1990s, the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was evident. (8) _____ than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual (9) _____ of more than 7 percent. Farming systems research and the international development projects are a source of new hope for the people of Vietnam. If these recent projects are successful and Doi Moi continues on its current path the Vietnamese people may (10) _____ a new standard of living. More reforms like Doi Moi need to take place in order to create a more stable Vietnamese future. 
1. a. for 	b. in	c. on	d. of 
2. a. liberate 	b. liberation 	c. liberator 	d. liberal
3. a. application 	b. salary c. profession d. unemployment
4. a. consumer 	b. producer 	c. spender d. manufacturer
5. a. A 	b. An 	c. The 	d. Ø
6. a. launching 	b. flying 	c. sending 	d. raising
7. a. found 	b. promised 	c. required 	d. encouraged
8. a. Much 	b. More 	c. As 	d. As more
9. a. rate 	b. level 	c. standard 	d. step
10. a. come 	b. approach 	c. reach 	d. arrive
III. Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. economic	b. experience c. entertainment d. introduction
2. a. achievement b. communist	 c. constantly	d. government
3. a. heavy	b. major 	c. program	d. reform
4. a. production 	b. consumer 	c. domestic 	d. business
5. a. hospital 	b. inflation 	c. policy	d. constantly 6. a. develop	b. overall 	c. commitment 	d. investment
7. a. adopt 	b. export	c. guideline	d. money
8. a. administrative 	b. intervention
 c. productivity	d. opportunity
9. a. ethnic	b. enjoy	c. legal	d. measure
10. a. economy	b. experience 	c. relationship d. renovation
IV. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
1. a. economy 	b. industry 	c. qualify 	d. priority
2. a. right 	b. private 	c. communist 	d. minority
3. a. measure 	b. subsidies 	c. domestic 	d. hospital
4. a. though 	b. encourage 	c. enough 	d. country
5. a. improve 	b. introduce 	c. move 	d. lose
6. a. renovation	b. develop	c. government	d. heavy.
7. a. congress	b. dominate	c. dissolve	d. reform.
8. a. substantial	b. initiate	c. stagnant d. commitment
V. Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence, substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original one.
1. It is quite important _______ me to get on and think.
a. of 	b to 	c. on 	d. with
2. The new policies include cutting _______ subsidies and trade barriers.
a. agriculture 	b. agricultural 	
c. agriculturalist 	d. agriculturally
3. The control of _______ has been carried out through measures rooted in monetarism.
a. inflate 	b. inflationist 	c. inflation 	d. inflator
4. It is often a good idea to start with small, easily _______ goals.
a. achieve 	b. achievement 	c. achievable 	d. achiever
5. After more than a decade of Doi Moi or economic _______, the Vietnamese Communist government has achieved diplomatic and economic links with numerous foreign partners.
a. relation 	b. investment 	c. productivity d. renovation
6. For more than 20 years, the Vietnamese government has pursued the open-door _______ and continued to woo foreign investment.
a. policy 	b. way 	c. export 	d. guideline
7. After a decade of economic liberalization, Vietnam has seen a dramatic rise in living _______ in urban areas. 
a. surface 	b. standards 	c. levels d. backgrounds
8. _______ laws and regulations which impose restrictions on any rights should be revised to comply with international law.
a. Domestic 	b. Program 	c. Encouraged 	d. Expanding
9. These new economic reforms have allowed for international _______ and development in the country.
a. pay 	b. renovation 	c. investment 	d. opportunity
10. In 2001 _______ Vietnamese Communist Party approved a 10-year economic plan that enhanced the role of the, private sector while reaffirming the primacy of the state. 
a. a 	b. an	c. the 	d. Ø
11. It would also concomitantly attract foreign investment to Vietnam, not only from ____ U.S., but also from ____ Europe, Asia, and other regions.
a. Ø / the 	b. the / the 	c. Ø / an 	d. the / Ø
12. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.
a. the rain 	b. of the rain 	
c. it was raining 	d. there was a rain
13. Economic reforms are often carried _______ to promote the developing of a country.
a. out 	b. on 	c. for 	d. in
14. Being aware ____ the importance of economic reforms, the Vietnamese Communist Party initiated an overall economic reform policy.
a. for 	b. at 	c. of 	d. in
15. For more than ten years, we have seen the significant _______ in the economy of our country.
a. develop 	b. developments c. developers 	 d. developed
16. Considering peasants make up nearly 80% of Vietnam's population.
a. specialists 	b. economists 	c. professors 	d. farmers
17. The introduction of appropriate farming practices to Vietnam farmers can help them achieve a higher output.
a. productivity 	b. renovation 	c. guideline d. achievement
18. In the South, __ development concentrated on rice cultivation, and nationally, rice and rubber were the main items of export.
a. industrial 	b. agricultural 	 c. mining d. textile
19. There was a shortage ____ food and safe water after the flood.
a. on 	b. with 	c. for 	d. of
20. Since 1990, India has had high growth rates, and has emerged as one of the wealthiest _______ in the developing world. 
a. economics 	b. economies c. economists d. economically
21. A _______ is money that is paid by a government or other authority in order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service. 
a. capital 	b. subsidy 	c. investment 	d. salary
22. Development plans were to focus equally on agriculture and industry and investment was to favor projects that developed both __ of the economy.
a. parties 	b. parts 	c. sections 	d. sectors 
23. Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at _______ annual rate in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest growing in _______ world.
a. an / the 	b. Ø / a 	c. a / Ø 	d. the / a
24. “____________” means “an economic process in which prices increase so that money becomes less valuable.”
A. Renovation	 B. Reform	 C. Inflation D. Intervention
25. As a result of the strike, the government is urging people to be ____________ with electricity.
A. economical	B. economy	C. economic D. economically
26. After many years of Doi Moi process, Vietnam has ____________ many encouraging results.
A. achieve	B. achieved	C. achieves	D. achieving
27. Did your country ______ a lot of difficulties before Doi Moi?
A. experience	B. experienced	C. experiences D. experiencing
28. The most important impact of __________ is the change in urban economic life.
A. renew	B. renovation	C. recycle	D. change
29. An overall economic reform was ............... by the Vietnamese Communist Party in 1986.
A. dominated	B. believed	C. initiated	D. built
30. Before DOI MOI, people........... a very poor life and production was.............. .
A. lead/good	B. led/stagnant	
C. led/substantial 	D. lead/stagnant
31. The Land Law in 1993 and the Enterprises Law were .................... under the Party’s guidelines.
A. achieved	B. gained	C. adopted	D. restructured
32. Our country has............. substantial changes since DOI MOI.
A. undergone B. encouraged	C. eliminated D. Reduced
33. It’s true that the stagnant economy has existed for a long time. 
A. slow B. developing 	 C. sound D. static 
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IV. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
In 1986 Vietnam launched a political and economic innovation campaign (Doi Moi) that introduced reforms intended to facilitate the transition from a centralized economy to a "socialist-oriented market economy." Doi Moi combined government planning with free-market incentives. The program abolished agricultural collectives, removed price controls on agricultural goods, and enabled farmers to sell their goods in the marketplace. It encouraged the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment, including foreign-owned enterprises.
By the late 1990s, .the success of the business and agricultural reforms ushered in under Doi Moi was evident. More than 30,000 private businesses had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual rate of more than 7 percent. From the early 1990s to 2005, poverty declined from about 50 percent to 29 percent of the population. However, progress varied geographically, with most prosperity concentrated in urban areas, particularly in and around Ho Chi Minh City. In general, rural areas also made progress, as rural housel olds living in poverty declined from 66 percent of the total in 1993 to 36 percent in 2002. By contrast, concentrations of poverty remained in certain rural areas, particularly the northwest, north-central coast, and central highlands.
Government control of the economy and a nonconvertible currency have protected Vietnam from what could have been a more severe impact resulting from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.
The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign _______.
a. has not interfered with politics	 b. has focused on centralized economy.
c. is not in favour of socialism 	d. came into being in 1986
From the content of the text, the readers can learn that _______.
a. Vietnam used to have agricultural collectives
b. there used to be many foreign-owned enterprises before 1986 in Vietnam
c. before 1986, the Vietnamese government did not control prices on agricultural goods
d. The Vietnamese Doi Moi campaign has not allowed foreign-owned enterprises
Which rate has decreased?
a. Poverty 	b. Population 	c. Economy 	d. Business
The development in Vietnam _______.
b. has focused only on agriculture
c. is more prosperous in big cities than that in the countryside
d. is more prosperous in the countryside than that in big cities
According to the last paragraph, _______.
a. the Vietnamese government did nothing to overcome the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.
b. The Vietnamese economy was not affected b~ the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.
c. the Vietnamese government found it difficult to control the financial crisis.
d. the Vietnamese government could not protect the economy from the East Asian financial crisis in 1997.
II. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Between 1945 and 1973, the economies of the industrialized nations of Western Europe, Japan, and the U.S. grew fast enough to vastly improve living standards for their residents. A similarly favorable growth was registered by some, but far from all, of the developing or industrializing nations, in particular such thriving Southeast Asian economies as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea. After the devastation of World War II, a substantial rebuilding boom, combined with lavish flows of aid from the U.S., generated rapid growth in Western Europe and Japan. American multinational corporations invested heavily in the rest of the world. Perhaps the most important of all, energy was plentiful and cheap. 
Poor nations need aid from the rich nations in the form of capital and of technological and organizational expertise. They also need easy access to the markets of the industrialized nations for their manufactures and raw materials. However, the political capacity of rich nations to respond to these needs depends greatly on their own success in coping with inflation and unemployment. In democratic communities, it is exceedingly difficult to generate public support for assistance to foreign countries when average wage earners are themselves under serious financial pressure. It is no. easier politically to permit cheap foreign merchandise and materials to freely enter American and European markets when they are viewed as the cause of unemployment among domestic workers. 
Japan carried out industrialization before World War II.
a. True 	b. False 	c. No information
After World War II, the US invested a lot in many countries.
a. True 	b. False 	c. No information
Vietnam got a lot of investment from the US from 1945 to 1973.
a. True 	b. False 	c. No information
Joining the markets of the industrialized nations is the need of many poor countries.
a. True 	b. False 	c. No information
In many democratic communities, average wage earners are never under serious financial, pressure.
a. True 	b. False 	c. No information