Ôn tập Anh văn 11 - Passive voice

PASSIVE VOICE
 1. Form
 Active: S + V + O + . 
 Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + 
 Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
 S V O
 Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 S be V3/ed by O
 2. Rules Khi ñoåi töø chuû ñoäng sang bò ñoäng, ta chuù yù caùc böôùc sau:
 a. Xaùc ñònh S (Chuû töø), V (Ñoäng töø), O (Tuùc töø) vaø thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu chuû ñoäng.
 Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
 S V1 O
 b. Ñem O leân laøm S, chuyeån S xuoáng laøm O ñaët sau by.
 Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 S by O
 c. Theâm ñoäng töø to be (phuø hôïp vôùi thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu chuû ñoäng), vaø chuyeån ñoäng töø chính sang V3/ed.
 Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 be V3/ed
 3. Notes:
 a. Trong tröôøng hôïp coù lieân töø and vaø giôùi töø of, ta phaûi xaùc ñònh ñaày ñuû chuû töø hoaëc tuùc töø khi chuyeån ñoåi.
 Ex:- Active: He and I see the film
 à Passive: The film is seen by him and me.
 - Active: He bought a box of chocolates last week
 à Passive: A box of chocolates was bought last week. 
 b. Trong caâu bò ñoäng: by O luoân ñöùng sau adverbs of place (traïng töø chæ nôi choán) vaø tröôùc adverbs of time (traïng töø chæ thôøi gian).
 Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 adv of place by O adv of time
 c. Trong caâu bò ñoäng, ta coù theå boû: by people, by us, by them, by someone.
 Ex: Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
 d. Trong caùc thì coù caùc trôï ñoäng töø (Auxiliary verbs) nhö: am/ is/ are, was/ were, has/ have, had
 Active: S + Aux + V + O + . 
 Passive: S + Aux + be + V3/ed + (by O) + 
 Ex: - Active: They have built a new bridge across the river.
 S Aux V O
 à Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
 S Aux be V3 by O
 - Active: Mai was watching a cartoon at 8 o’clock last night.
 S Aux V O
 à Passive: A cartoon was being watched by Mai at 8 o’clock last night.
 S Aux be V-ed by O
Active
Passive
S + V1 + O
S + am/is/are + V3/ed
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + V3/ed + O
S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + V2/ed + O
S + was/were +V3/ed
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + had + V3/ed + O
S + had + been + V3/ed
S + will/shall + Vo + O
S + will/shall + be +V3/ed
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EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE)
I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
à...
2. Somebody told me to wait outside.
à...
3. Somebody has driven them to the airport.
à...
4. They will complete the new high way from north to south next year.
à...
5. My aunt made this sweater for her son.
à...
6. The television station has broadcast all the 22nd Sea-Games competitions.
à...
7. My teacher asked me to be here at 10 am.
à...
9. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.
à...
10. She makes coffee for her parents every day.
à...
II/ Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct active or passive voice
1. Last night my favorite program________________ (interrupt) by a special news bulletin.
2. When I______________ (arrive) at the airport yesterday, I______________ (meet) by my cousin and a couple of friends.
3. Kim______________ (write) this composition last week. That one _____________ (write) by Phi.
4. I don’t have my bicycle today. It’s with the repairman. It______________ (repair) right now.
5. Someone has bought the small lot behind my house and a new house_______________ (build) on it next year.
6. A: Do you understand the explanation in the book?
 B: No, I don’t. I_______________ (confuse).
7. A: When____________ your bike_______________ (steal)?
 B: Two days ago.
8. A:__________ you_____________ (pay) your electricity yet?
 B: No. I haven’t. but I’d better pay it today. If I don’t, my electricity supply ______________ (shut off) by the power company.
9. A: Did you hear about the accident?
 B: No. What________________ (happen)?
 A: A bicyclist_____________ (hit) by a taxi in front of the dorm.
 B: ___________ the bicyclist______________ (injure)?
 A: Yes. He_______________ (take) to City Hospital.
10. The Eiffel Tower_____________ (be) in Paris, France. It_____________ (visit) by millions of people every year. It_______________ (design) by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923). It_______________ (erect) in 1889 for the Paris exposition. Since that time, it_______________ (be) the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it______________ (recognize) by people throughout the world.
PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS + EXERCISES
Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
 Caùc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát (Modal verbs) nhö: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, . 
 Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + . 
 Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + 
 Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now.
 S M.V Vo O
 à Passive: This exercise can be done by Nam right now.
 S M.V be V3 by O
 - Active: People are going to solve the problem next month.
 S modal verb Vo O
 à Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month.
 S modal verb be V-ed by O
EXERCISES
 Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. People should send their complaints to the main office.
à...
2. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it.
à...
3. A short circuit could cause the fire.
à...
4. Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party.
à...
5. Lien couldn’t open the door of the classroom.
à...
6. They should announce that news as soon as possible.
à...
7. Phong has to return the scientific book to the library.
à...
8. People must repair that old building.
à...
9. The government will rebuild the memorial monument.
à...
10. The students may elect Phong their leader.
à...
11. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils.
à...
12. The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games.
à...
13. Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays.
à...
14. The principal might interview her.
à...
15. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long.
à...
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SPECIAL PASSIVE VOICE + EXERCISES
I. Theå bò ñoäng cuûa caâu phuû ñònh vaø nghi vaán:
 Ex: - (A) Mai doesn’t write this letter.
 à(P) This letter isn’t written by Mai.
 - (A) They didn’t watch the fashion show last night.
 à(P) The fashion show wasn’t watched last night.
 - (A) Did your father make this chair?
à(P) Was this chair made by your father?
 - (A) Who repaired your bicycle?
à(P) Whom was your bicycle repaired by?
 (By whom was your bicycle repaired?)
 - (A) What plays did Shakespeare write?
à(P) What plays were written by Shakespeare?
II. Ñoäng töø coù hai tuùc töø:
 1. Ñoäng töø caàn giôùi töø TO: give, lend, send, show,  
 Ex: - (A) John will give me this book. (=John will give this book to me.)
	à(P1) I will be given this book by John.
 à(P2) This book will be given to me by John.
 2. Ñoäng töø caàn giôùi töø FOR: buy, make, get, 
 Ex: - (A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.)
	à(P1) She was bought a rose.
	à(P2) A rose was bought for her.
III. Caáu truùc They/People say/think/believe that 
 Ex: - (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
	à(P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
	à(P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.
	 - (A) They thought that Mary had gone away.
	à(P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away.
	à(P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.
IV. Caùc ñaïi töø baát ñònh: No one, Nobody, Nothing,..
 Ex: - (A) No one can answer this question.
	 à(P) This question can’t be answered.
	 - (A) They haven’t done anything.
	 à(P) Nothing has been done.
EXERCISES
 Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Nobody sent us any tickets.
à...
2. Has someone decorated my bedroom?
à...
3. Did anything disturb you in the night?
à...
4. Nobody has invited her to the party.
à...
5. She teaches grammar and writing.
à...
6. People say that you send your application form to the university.
à...
7. They elect Thu the leader of the group.
à...
8. I don’t see anyone in the house.
à...
9. Lan bought her brother some comic books.
à...
10. The students don’t play video games on the weekend.
à...
11. They believed that he went abroad to study English.
à...
Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence
1. The word jeans comes from a kind of material that___________ in Europe.
 A. made 	B. had made	C. was made 	D. are made
2. Different styles of jeans______________ to match the 1960’s fashions.
 A. designed	B. are designed	C. were designed	D. had designed
3. The ao dai_______________ for years.
 A. is modernized 	C. have been modernized
 B. was modernized 	D. has been modernized
4. A new hospital_____________ next year.
 A. is built 	B. will be built 	C. has been built 	D. will build
5. Food______________ direct to the market by trucks.
 A. delivered	 B. deliver 	C. can be delivered	 D. delivers
6. The house has_______________ after the fire.
 A. to rebuild 	B. to be rebuilt	C. be to rebuilt	D. rebuilt
7. All the homework_____________ at home.
 A. should do	B. should done	C. should be done	D. should be doing
8. The application form______________ to the university before May 31st. 
 A. must send 	B. sent	 C. must be send 	D. must be sent
9. Traffic rules____________ strictly.
 A. followed 	B. must followed	C. must be followed	 D. must follow
10. Students_____________ to participate in the after school activities.
 A. encourage	B. is encouraged	C. are encouraged	D. encouraged