Ôn tập Anh văn 11 - Conditional sentences (if sentences)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IF SENTENCES)
I. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 1
 Ex: If I finish my homework, I will go to the concert
 (= I will go to the concert if I finish my homework.) 
 * If clause: If I finish my homework, 
 * Main clause: I will go to the concert 
 1. Form 
 If + S + V1.., S + will + Vo..
 2. Use 
 Dieãn taû moät ñieàu kieän coù theå xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai.
II. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 2 
 1. Form 
 If + S + V2/ed..., S + would/could + Vo
 (be à were)
 2. Use 
 Dieãn taû moät ñieàu kieän khoâng theå xaûy ra ôû hieän taïi.
 Ex: - If he had much time, he would help you.
 (He doesn’t have much time now)
 - If I were in your position, I could do that.
 (I am not in your position now)
III. Conditional Sentences (If Sentences): Type 3
 1. Form 
 If + S + had + V3/ed.., S + would/could + have + V3/ed.. 
 2. Use 
 Dieãn taû moät ñieàu kieän khoâng theå xaûy ra trong quaù khöù.
 Ex: If we had studied hard last year, we would have got good marks.
 (We didn’t study hard last year and we didn’t get good marks)
 * Summary:
Type
If clauses
Main clauses
1
If + S + V1..,
S + will + Vo
2
If + S + V2/ed..,
 (be à were)
S + would/could + Vo
3
If + S + had + V3/ed..,
S + would/could + have + V3/ed.
IV. Notes
1. Unless: “If  not” coù theå ñöôïc thay baèng “UNLESS” (tröø phi):
 Ex: - We will be late if we don’t hurry.
à We will be late unless we hurry.
	 - If I have time, I’ll help you.
à Unless I have time, I won’t help you.
 2. Inversion: Boû IF trong 3 loaïi caâu ñieàu kieän (phaûi coù ñaûo ngöõ vôùi SHOULD/WERE/HAD):
 Ex: - If it should be necessary, I will go.
 à Should it be necessary, I will go.
 Ex: - If I were rich, I would buy a new car.
 à Were I rich, I would buy a new car.
 Ex: - If you had asked me, I would have told you the answer.
 à Had you asked me, I would have told you the answer.
 3. Moät soá töø/cuïm töø coù theå thay cho IF vôùi nghóa töông ñöông: provided that; so(as) long as (mieãn laø); in case (trong tröôøng hôïp); on condition that (vôùi ñieàu kieän)
 Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back.
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EXERCISES (IF SENTENCES)
I/ Delete the incorrect verb form.
1. I’ll send/ send you some information if you’ll tell/ tell me your address.
2. If Kate will be/ is late again, she’ll lose/ loses her job.
3. You’ll be/ are sick if you’ll eat/ eat all that ice-cream.
4. There won’t be/ isn’t enough room if everyone will come/ comes.
5. If we’ll go/ go out tomorrow evening, we’ll miss/ miss that new programme on TV.
II/ Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form to complete the sentences or exchanges.
1. A: My mother always spends his money on expensive things.
 B: If he ______________ (be) practical, he _______________ (can save) some money.
2. A: Conservation programs have been introduced by most governments to prevent reckless waste of land.
 B: If there _______________ (not be) proper control by the governments, the earth ______________ (be) greatly damaged now.
3. A: Last month, we paid a massive electricity bill.
 B: If you ________________ (not waste) so much electricity, the bill _____________ (not be ) so large.
4. If Mr. Brown ________________ (save) some money when he was young, he ______________ (not be) so poor.
5. A: The invitation says six o’clock.
 B: Well, it’s six thirty now.
 A: If we _______________ (start) earlier, we ______________ (not be) so late now.
III/ Complete the following sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. Tom got to the station in time to catch his train.
 If he (miss)____________ it, he (be)_____________ late for his interview.
2. It’s good that you reminded me about Lan’s birthday. I (forget) ______________ if you (not remind)_______________ me.
3. Unfortunately, I didn’t have my address book with me when I was in New York. If I (have)_______________ your address, I (send)_____________ you a postcard.
4. I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad. It (be)___________ quicker if I (walk)_______________.
5. I didn’t know you were in hospital. If I (know)______________, I (go)_______________ to visit you.
IV/ Use conditional sentence type 2 with would or could.
1. We can’t bathe in this part of river because the water is too dirty.
à...
2. We spend too much money on electricity because we have four air conditioners in our house.
à...
3. I can’t write to Linh because I don’t have her address.
à...
4. Dick often causes accidents because he drives carelessly.
à...
5. We can’t give much help to the poor because we waste a lot of money on unnecessary things.
à...
V/ Rewrite the following sentences, using Conditional Sentences Type 3
1. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train.
àIf __________________________________________________________
2. My brother didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station.
àIf my brother ________________________________________________
3. We didn’t go because it rained.
 à If it hadn’t __________________________________________________
4. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money.
àIf we _______________________________________________________
5. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
à If Susan ____________________________________________________
6. Without this treatment, the patient would have died.
à If he _______________________________________________________
7. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
 àIf we ______________________________________________________
8. He lost his job because he was late every day.
à If he _______________________________________________________
9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
 If __________________________________________________________
10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
àIf Robert ____________________________________________________
11. Those people weren’t prepared to face the floods; therefore, the consequence was disastrous.
à___________________________________________________________________________________________________
12. We didn’t enjoy our camping trip last week because it rained all the time.
à____________________________________________________________
13. That village was heavily flooded last year because trees in the nearby forests were cut down without control.
à_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
14. We started our vacation too late, and we had to suffer bad weather.
à_____________________________________________________________
15. She didn’t take her friends’ advice; therefore, she failed in her business.
à_____________________________________________________________
 Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence
1. If I finish the dress before Sunday, I_______________ it to my sister.
 A. give 	B. will give	C. would give	D. had given
2. If I had seen the movie, I_____________ you about it last night.
 A. could tell	B. will tell 	C. had told	 	D. would have told
3. He would give you the money if he_____________ it.
 A. have	 	B. has 	C. had	 D. would have
4. She would call you immediately if she_______________ help.
 A. needed 	B. need	 	C. needs 	D. will need
5. If you have enough time, please____________the chair before you leave.
 A. paint	 	B. will paint 	C. painted 	D. would paint
6. We could go for a drive if today______________ Saturday.
 A. is 	B. was 	C. were 	D. had been
7. I_______________ if they invite me.
 A. accept	 	B. could accept 	C. accepted 	D. will accept
8. If your mother_____________ that car for you, will you be happy?
 A. buy 	B. buys 	C. could have bought	D. will buy
9. If he______________ early, he could have left on the afternoon flight.
 A. decided 	B. decides 	C. had decided	D. would decide
10. If he had left early, he _______________ us.
 A. will call 	B. would call	C. could have called	D. could call