Ngữ pháp và bài tập tiếng Anh lớp 11

 NGỮ PHÁP VÀ BÀI TẬP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 
 Người gửi:
 Thầy: Giang Lương Hùng. 
 Giáo viên: Tiếng Anh - Trường THPT Nguyễn Trãi.
 Email: giangluonghung@yahoo.com
 §1. Both  and , Not only  but also , Either  or, Neither  nor 
Revision
4Terms
	We call both  and, not only  but also , either or, neither  nor pair conjunctions or correlative conjunctions.
4Parallel structures
	The same grammatical form should follow each part of the paired conjunctions.
Both + noun + and + noun/pronoun
	Both my sister and I went to Hoang Van Thu High School.
Not only + adj + but also + adj
	Trang is not only intelligent but also generous.
Not only + verb + but also + verb
	Minh not only saw the famous writer but also spoke to him.
Either + noun + or + noun
	Students can choose either English or French in this semester.
Neither + verb + nor + verb
	She had promised to visit me, but she neither came nor telephoned.
 4Subject and verb agreement
Two subjects connected by both  and  take a plural verb.
Both Tam and Dan work for an instruction company.
When two subjects are connected by not only  but also, either  or, neither nor, the second subject determines the form of the verb.
Not only my parents but also my brother is on a trip to Ha Long.
Either the teacher or the students have to make a plan for the class newspaper.
Neither salt nor sugar is necessary for this dish.
4 Notes
Not only but also  can be replaced by not only  but  as well.
It is not only rainy but also windy in this season.
It is not only rainy but windy in this season as well.
Exercises
A. In each of the following sentences, there is an error. Identify and correct it.
Both my teacher praised my best friend and me.
Ha neither went to my party or told me the reason why.
I enjoy neither swimming nor go fishing.
Hoa not only helps me in my work but as well shares my happiness and sadness in life.
I prefer living in the country since it is not only quiet but also less traffic.
I love not only watching game shows but talk shows as well.
I love literature, so I will either become a literature teacher or a journalist.
Rice is both grown in the north and in the south of Viet Nam.
B. Suply the correct form and tense of the verb in the parentheses.
Both the fridge and the air conditioner (not work)  today.
Both my sister and I (never be)  to Ha noi before.
Either my husband or I (have)  to see the estate agent today.
Either Thuy or her friends (be going to)  pick you up at the airport.
Neither Mrs. Hoa nor her assistants (be)  at the meeting yesterday.
Not only Trung but also his parents (be expected)  to come to the ceremony.
C. There is a lack of both, and, not only, but also, either, or, neither or nor in the following passage. Put a check (ü) where you will find in one of these words and write the word on the right.
Television is one of the greatest inventions since it helps us relaxed after a day of work transfers the latest news in the world. Normally, when we feel tired, we can choose to go out and have a drink with some friends to sit on the sofa in front of the television and enjoy the family warm atmosphere. You may say that you like music programs lengthy soap operas. No problem. There are many channels for you to choose. Why don’t you try TV news programs documentaries if you are interested in enlarging your knowledge? Besides, you can watch live soccer games that are transferred through satellites listen to lively comments which you can never hear in the stadium.
However, spending so much time watching television may have bad effects on parents work and children’s study. Therefore, parents children should agree on how much time of watching TV is enough for a day.
D. Combine wo sentences into one, using both  and , not only  but also, either or , neither  nor
Hoang didn’t come to class today. Nhan didn’t come to class today. (neither nor)
Le will buy a new T-shirt. If there is no style that she likes, she will buy a shirt instead. (either  or)
Oxygen is necessary for life. Water is necessary for life too. (both  and)
Chanh is also absent-minded. He left his book in class. He also left his jacket in class. (not only  but also)
My father is going to see my teacher this Sunday. If he is busy, my mother is going to see my teacher. (neither  nor )
Let’s go to the market to get some spices. We don’t have any salt left and we run out seasoning too. (neither  nor )
My aunt lives with me. My cousins live with me too. (not only but also.)
This shop sells fresh fruits. It also sells canned fruits. (both  and )
§2. Cleft sentences
Revision
4 Cleft sentences in the active
Subject focus: We use cleft sentences to emphasize the subject of the action.
	Did your friend give you these earrings?
	No. It was my mother that gave me these these earrings.
Instead of saying My mother gave me these these earrings, the speaker says It was my mother that gave me these these earrings to emphasize that her mother, not her friend gave her the earrings.
Object focus: We use the cleft sentences to emphasize the object of the verb.
	You went to the book store yesterday, didn’t you? Did you buy this English 	book? It looks new.
	No. It was this Math book that I bought yesterday. The English book is a 	present from my teacher.
Instead of saying I bought this Math book yesterday, the speaker says It was this Math book that I bought yesterday to emphasize that he bought the Math book, not the English book.
Adverbial focus: We use cleft sentences to emphasize the adverb.
	I should be grateful to my sister. It was for me that she quitted school.
Instead of saying she quitted school for me, the speaker says It was for me that she quitted school to emphasize that his sister sacrificed her study for him.
4 Cleft sentences in the passive
Cleft sentences can also be used in the passive voice.
	I heard that dog bit you yesterday.
	No. It was the postman that was bitten by the dog.
Exercises
A. Choose the sentences that can best replace the sentences provided.
1. I was born and grew up in this village.
It was this village that I was born and grew up.
It was in this village I was born and grew up.
It was in this village that I was born and grew up.
It was in this village where I was born and grew up.
2. Your carelessness cause the accident.
It is the accident that your carelessness caused.
It was the accident that your carelessness caused.
It is your carelessness that caused the accident.
It was your carelessness that caused the accident.
3. Hue helped me a lot with my study last semester.
It was Hue that helped me a lot with my study last semester. 
It was Hue that has helped me a lot with my study last semester.
It was Hue that had helped me a lot with my study last semester.
It was Hue that was helped me a lot with my study last semester.
4. – Did the headmaster give Tham a bicycle as a scholarship.
	- The headmaster gave Tam a bicycle as a scholarship.
It was the headmaster who gave Tham a bicycle as a scholarship.
It was the headmaster who gave Tam a bicycle as a scholarship.
It was Tham who was given a bicycle as a scholarship.
It was Tam who was given a bicycle as a scholarship.
5. – Who put the photo here on the desk?
	- Don’t you remember? You put it there on your birthday.
It was you that put it there on your birthday.
It was on your birthday that you put it there.
It was there that you put it on there birthday.
It was the photo that was put there on your birthday.
B. Complete the following sentences with groups of words in the box. There is one extra group.
it was this school
it was in this school
it was in the summer
that i gave it a fish
that i asked to carry the luggage for me
that broke the window
it was the bicycle
it was in the winter
that stole the fish
It was the boy 	
It was the cat 	
	 that I learnt the first letter.
	 that was rebuilt that year.
it was the taxi driver 	
	 that my grandpa used when he was young.
	 that birds moved to the south.
	 that my family often went to the seaside.
C. Answer the following questions with the word provided, using cleft sentences.
Did you first meet your husband at high school.
	 (at university)
Who did you give the letter to?
	 (the landlady)
It is said that you were on television last night. Is it right?
	 (my twin sister)
I absent-mindedly washed your white T-shirt with the dark blue one. Was your white T-shirt ruined?
	 (my white shirt)
Your cell phone was stolen, wasn’t it? Do you know who stole it?
	 (a monkey)
Long time no see. Do you still major in English now?
	 (French)
D. Unscramble the words to make complete sentences.
was/ that/ this river/ It/ died/ in/ many people.
difficult/ loved/ was/ that/ they/ It/ in/ each other/ the/ more/ time.
secretary/ was/ typed/ It / the/ the/ letter/ that.
this shirt/ by/ It/ actress/ was/ that/ was/ the/ worn.
that/ was/ writer/ by/ signed/ book/ was/ It/ the/ the.
§3. Conditional Type 1
Revision
4Use
We use conditional type 1 to express real or probable conditions.
If Van gets high marks in the exam, her parents will give her a computer.
(Van is a good student, and it is possible for her to get high marks in the exam)
4Form
If clause
Main clause
Present Simple
Future Simple
If clause can come first or later.
Be careful. If you step on the dof’s tail, it will bit you.
You’ll never get success if you don’t try your best.
4Notes
Instead of the Future simple tense in the main clause, we can use can + bare-infinitive to indicate permission or ability.
	You can go out with friends if you promise to come home before 9. 	(permission)
	If you concentrate, you can do the job well. (ability)
May/might + bare-infinitive can be used in the main clause to indicate possibility.
	The soccer game may be delayed if the weather isn’t better.
Other modal verbs or any expressions of command can be used according to their meanings.
	If Tuan wants to recover soon, he should stay in bed. (advice)
	Please tell Ha to see me in the library if you happen to see him. (request)
Instead of Present Simple tense in the If clause, we can use the Present Perfect tense.
	Hand in your paper if you have finished your writing.
Exercises
A. Make conditional sentences from the following words.
weather/ fine/ go on a pinic.
I/ be employed/ invite you/ eat out.
you/ come across/ monolingual dictionary/ take one for me.
mother/ allow/ go to your party.
you/ want/ good English learner/ learn to speak at the very beginning.
not eat breakfast/ not have enough energy.
you/ feed it too regularly/ the fish die.
you/ travel by bus/ save money.
the storm/ attack the village/ everyone/ be moved.
Suong/ finish her assignment/ within two weeks/ have one mark plus.
B. Complete the following conditional sentences.
You will enlarge your knowledge  you spend time reading newspapers and magazines.
You  cut yourself if you are not careful with the knife.
 you want to  ... opriate answer.
Long insisted on  the work himself despite my offer my offer to help him.
	A. do	B. does
	C. to do	D. doing
Ngan blamed me  not telling the truth.
	A. for	B, on
	C. of	D. to
Hai  her friends to go to the countryside with her.
	A. suggested	B. thanked
	C. persuaded	D. offers
Choose the correct statement
	A. We all approved going to the seaside by car.
	B. We all approved of going to the seaside by car.
	C. We all approved to go to the seaside by car.
	D. We were all approved of going to the seaside by car.
Choose the correct statement
	A. My teacher advised me don’t leave school so early.
	B. My teacher advised me not to leave school so early.
	C. My teacher advised me not to leave school so early.
	D. My teacher advised me shouldn’t leave school so early.
Trang often  of being a singer.
	A. wants	B. dreams
	C. wishes	D. hopes
C. Change the following direct speeches into reported speeches, using the words provided.
“Don’t forget to bring the umbrella with you”, said my mother. (REMIND)
“It’s not a good idea to indulge the children so much”, said Mr. Hoang. (OBJECT)
Trong said to me, “I’m very grateful to you for your enthusiasm.” (THANK)
The headmaster said to me, “You should follow the M.A course. It’s good for you.” (ENCOURAGE)
“Don’t go to the mountain in this season. It’s very cold”, said a local person. (PREVENT)
“Are you free on Sunday? Would you like to eat out with us”, said Mrs. Mai. (INVITE)
D. Imagine that you were in the following situations. What would you do?
You were a waiter in a restaurant and you carelessly spilled water on a customer’s jacket.
	I would apologize for spilling water on his jacket.
Your friend wanted to lose weight and (s)he needed your advice.
You wanted to be a businessperson, but your parents wanted you to go to the University of Education.
You had to redecorate your house before Tet, and your friend came to help you.
Your friend was going to invest on a souvenir shop, but you knew that it is risk to do so.
Your younger sister wanted to study one more foreign language, and you knew that she was very good at languages.
§19. Sense verbs
Revision
4Terms
Sense verbs are verbs that express the natural abilities people have by using their eyes, nose, ears, tongue and skin.
Some sense verbs: look, see, smell, hear, feel, sound, taste.
4Feel, hear, look, see, smell, and taste
Feel, hear, look, see, smell and taste have 2 meanings: stative meaning and progressive meaning.
Stative meaning: describes a person’s awareness of the quality of something or the feeling of somebody. With the stative meaning, sense verbs are linking verbs and cannot be used in the continuous tenses. Besides, they go with adjectives.
	The smoke smells terrible.
	Tuan looks so sad today.
Progressive meaning: describes actions. With the progressive meaning, sense verbs can be used in the continuous tenses.
	My mother is tasting the food.
	Quiet! The dog is smelling something.
When feel is used with progressive meaning, it means “touch”.
	My mother is feeling my forehead to see if I have a cold.
When hear is used with progressive meaning, it means “listen formally to” or “receive news”.
	Everyone in the conference is hearing the speech made by the chairman of the company.
	I have been hearing about you for years though you live faraway.
4Sound
Sound can only used with stative meaning.
The news sounds surprising.
Exercises
A. Choose the most appropriate verb to fill in each blank.
I always  tired when I go to bed late.
	A. feel	B. sound
	C. hear	D. A and C are correct
Trang  out of the window and she  the postman who see had been expecting.
	A. saw, saw	B. looked, looked
	C. saw, looked	D. looked, saw
The story  illogical. How could the king believe such a witch?
	A. looked	B. sounds
	C. feels	D. smells
The food  delicious. Although I haven’t  it, I know it is terrific.
	A. smells, tasted	B. taste, smelt
	C. smells, smelt	D. tasted, tasted
Nhan  the cloth to see how soft it was.
	A. is feeling	B. felt
	C. is looking	D. looked
Don’t worry. You will be  from your friend soon.
	A. looking	B. seeing
	C. hearing	D. sounding
So I’ll  you at 6 tomorrow.
	A. look	B. see
	C. hear	D. feel
Just try the food. It  good although the smell may not attract at first.
	A. smells	B. tastes
	C. sounds	D. A and B are correct
B. Fill in each blank with an adjective or an adverb.
Ngan looked  at the picture, but she didn’t understand what it described. (indifferent/ indifferently)
Ngan looked  today. Do you know what has happened? (disappointed/ disappointedly)
Huy left  when he knew that he had failed the exam. (terrible/ terribly)
Huy felt the wall  to enjoy the new paint. (gentle/ gently)
The newly printed book smells  (wonderful/ wonderfully)
I like smelling the newly printed books  because the smell reminds me of my school days. (careful/ carefully)
C. Complete the following story with the correct form of the verbs in the box. Some verbs may be used more than one time. 
hear look smell taste
 feel see sound
Yesterday when I came home, I (1)  something burning in the kitchen and I (2)  someone crying. I hurriedly ran into the kitchen and I (3)  my little brother who (4)  so miserable and a burning pan beside him. I asked him what he was doing. He told me that he just wanted to cook soup. He (5)  the soup in a restaurant two days before and he really wanted to make the soup for the family. He (6)  so faithfully that I could hardly get angry with him. I (7)  moved then, and I decided to help him clean the kitchen and cook the soup again. When my parents came home, they (8)  very surprised when they (9)  the soup on the table. And the dinner became an unforgettable experience in our family life.
D. There is an error in each of the following sentences. Underline and correct it.
The candy is tasting so sweet.
The news hears so shockingly.
Let’s order a prawn cocktail. It sounds deliciously.
What’s wrong? You smell unhappy.
Don’t touch the pot. Although it feels cool, it is really hot.
Although I listened very carefully, I couldn’t sound anything.
§20. Revision of the Past Simple, Past Progressive and Past Perfect
Revision
4Form
Past Simple
S + V-ed/ Verb in column 2
Past Progressive
S + was/ were + V-ing
Past Perfect
S + had + past participle
4Use
The Past Simple tense describes an activity that began and finished at a certain (point of) time in the past or a habit in the past. 
	Nga went to Ha Long Bay last summer vacation.
	Last year, when she didn’t have a bike, Hoang took the bus to school.
The Past Progressive tense describes
	- an activity that was happening at a certain time in the past.
	Mai was sleeping at this time yesterday since she was ill.
	- an activity that began earlier and was in progress when another activity happened.
	The worker was painting the house when he fell off the ladder.
	- two activities that were in progress at the same time.
	Some students were looking outside while the teacher was explaining the lesson.
The Past Perfect tense describes an activity
	- that happened before a certain (point of) time in the past.
	A: Why didn’t I see you at the party yesterday?
	B: When did you arrived?
	A: At 8 p.m.
	B: Oh. I had left by 8 p.m.
	- that happened before another activity in the past.
	Yesterday, at the bus stop I talked to a woman who I had never seen before.
Exercises
A. Use the Past Simple, Past progressive, or Past Perfect of the verbs in the parentheses.
Loc (slip)  on the banana skin and (fall)  while he (walk)  on the pavement.
I (be)  tired after work yesterday, so I (go)  straight home and (take)  a bath.
I (have)  a date with Lan yesterday, but I (not remember)  When she (arrive)  at my place, I (go)  out.
I (be)  late for class yesterday. When I (come) , the lesson (start)  for 5 minutes. Everyone (listen)  carefully, so no one (notice)  me.
A:  (you/ see) Le last night?
	B: What  (she/ wear)?
A: When  (Chuong/ come) home last night?
	B: I (not/ know)  since I (sleep) 
I (interview)  My Tam last week. I (never contact)  such a famous singer before so I was very happy.
I (meet)  an old friend while I (have)  dinner in a restaurant. At first, I (not recognize)  her because she (change)  a lot.
C. Following are the two extract from Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix by L.K. Rowling. Read them carefully and choose the most appropriate verb to fill in each blank. Use the Past Simple, Past Progressive or Past Perfect of the verbs.
be (x2) hear hope say seem travel
“ Dinner in the Great Hall that night (1)  a pleasant experience for Harry. The news about his shouting match with Umbridge (2)  exceptionally fast even by Hogwarts’ standards. He (3)  whispers all around him as he sat eating between Ron and Hermione. The funny thing (4)  that none of the whispers (5)  to mind him overhearing what they (6)  about him. On the contrary, it was as though they (7)  he would get angry and start shouting again, so that they could hear his story first-hand ”
	(chapter 13)
draw hope reread take talk (x2) not want
“ Harry (8)  the letter several times, trying to see it from the point of view of an outsider. He could not see how they would know what he (9)  about – or who he (10)  to – just from reading this letter. He (11)  Sirius would pick up the hint about Hagrid and tell them when he might be back. Harry (12)  to ask directly in case it (13)  too much attention to what Hagrid might be up to while he was not at Hogwarts.
Considering it was a very short letter, it (14)  a long time to write; ”
	(chapter 14)
C. Read the following passage and answer the questions in full sentences.
(+)
Start school
Moved to a new house
Went to Da Lat with family
Said good bye to a friend
Age
6
13
11
15
(-)
I started school at the age of six. My primary school was Ly Thai To. I was very happy then because I had a lot of friends at school. My first teacher was Miss Nhu. She was very kind and attentive. When I was eleven, my family moved to a new house where I have been living till now. I loved my new house a lot since it was not very far from school. I also met Tuan, my best friend here. I still remember the day I first came here. Tuan was playing marble when I accidentally stepped onto his marbles and fell. He kept apologizing while I was crying loudly. Then we became friends. Unfortunately, he went abroad when I was thirteen. I was very sad as I thought that we would never meet each other again. However, we still keep in touch. At the age of fifteen, I went to Da Lat with my family on summer vacation. I had never been to Da Lat before, so I was very excited.
Did Ngoc like school? Why?
How old was she when she moved to a new house?
Why did Tuan say sorry to Ngoc?
Do they still keep contact?
When did Ngoc first go to Da Lat?
D. Draw a similar graph and then write about some events in your childhood and your feelings.
(+)
Age
(-)