Giáo án môn Tiếng anh khối 11 - Unit 11: Sources of energy

UNIT 11 SOURCES OF ENERGY
GLOSSARY
alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv] khác
complicated ['kɔmplikeitid] phức tạp, rắc rối
composition [,kɔmpə'zi∫n] bài tiểu luận
consumption [kən'sʌmp∫n] sự tiêu thụ, sự tiêu dùng
 create [kri:'eit] tạo nên, tạo thành, sáng tạo
 à creation (n), creative (adj.), creativeness = creativity (n)
ecologist [i'kɔlədʒist] nhà sinh thái học
 entire = whole [in'taiə] toàn bộ, toàn thể, toàn vẹn, hoàn toàn
à entirely (adv), entirety (n)
extraordinary [iks'trɔ:dnri] lạ thường; khác thường; phi thường
fossil ['fɔsl] hoá đá, hoá thạch
fuel [fjuəl] chất đốt, nhiên liệu
geothermal [,dʒi:ou'θə:məl] thuộc địa nhiệt
 it’s high time + S + V2 : đã đến lúc 
infinite ['infinit] không bờ bến, vô tận
à infinity (n)
lecture hall: giảng đường
lessen ['lesn] giảm bớt
renewable [ri'nju:əbl] có thể hồi phục lại
 có thể thay mới, có thể đổi mới
percentage [pə'sentidʒ] tỷ lệ, tỷ lệ phần trăm
 petroleum [pə'trouliəm] dầu mỏ 
potential [pə'ten∫l] tiềm năng; tiềm tàng
proportion [prə'pɔ:∫n] : phần, tỉ lệ
release [ri'li:s] sự giải thoát, sự thoát khỏi, sự phóng thích
reserve (n) [ri'zə:v] sự dự trữ; vật dự trữ
 reservoir ['rezəvwɑ:] hồ chứa nước; hồ chứa
 ( reservoir of something) nguồn cung cấp hoặc tích trữ lớn về cái gì
 rig: giàn khoan dầu
sailboat ['seilbout] thuyền buồm
solar ['soulə] (thuộc về) mặt trời 
timber ['timbə] gỗ xây dựng, gỗ kiến trúc, gỗ làm mộc
trend[trend] phương hướng, xu hướng, khuynh hướng, 
 unlimited[ʌn'limitid] không giới hạn, vô vùng, vô tận, vô kể
 windmill ['winmil] cối xay gió
Read the passage and then do the tasks that follow. 
At present, most of our energy comes from fossil fuels (oil coal, and natural gas). However, such reserves are strictly limited. Because power demand is increasing very rapidly, fossil fuels will be exhausted within a relatively" short time. Therefore, people must develop and use alternative sources of energy. 
One alternative source is nuclear energy. Nuclear energy can provide enough electricity for the world's needs for hundreds of years, but it can be very dangerous. Another alternative source of energy is geothermal heat, which comes from deep inside the earth. Scientists use this heat to make energy. However, this energy is possible only in a few places in the world. 
The sun, water, and the wind are other alternative sources of energy. The wind turns windmills and moves sailboats. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it. Unfortunately, if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy. When water moves from a high place to a lower place, it makes energy. This energy is used to create electricity. Water power gives energy without pollution. However, people have to build dams to use this energy. Dams cost a lot of money, so water energy is expensive. 
The sun releases large amounts of energy every day. This energy can be changed into electricity. Many countries use solar energy for their daily life. Solar panels on the roofs of houses can create enough energy to heat or cool an entire house. Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe. 
Although there are some disadvantages, the potential of alternative sources of energy is great. However, how to make full use of these sources of energy is a question for researchers all over the world. 
Reading comprehension
What is our major source of energy?
..
..
..
Why must people develop and use alternative sources of energy
..
..
..
How many sources of energy are mentioned in the text, and which one do you think has the most potential?
..
..
..
RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO INFINITIVES
Exercise 1. Rewrite the following sentences, using present participial phrase. 
Example: 	The man who spoke to John is my brother. 
The man speaking to John is my brother. 
The boy who is playing the piano is Bend. 
.
Do you know the man who is coming toward us?
.
The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
.
The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. 
.
The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
.
We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences, using past participial phrase. 
Example: 	The Sport Games which was held in India in 1951 was the first Asian Games. 
The Sport Games held in India in 1951 was the first Asian Games. 
The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. 
.
I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
.
They live in the house that was built in 1980.
.
The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary. 
.
The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful. 
.
They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government.
.
Exercise 3. Rewrite the following sentences, using infinitive phrase. 
Example: Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space. 
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space. 
John was the last man who reached the top of the mountain. 
.
The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
.
This is the second person who was killed in that way.
.
the first person who catches the ball will be the winner.
.
The first person that we must see is Mr. Smith.
.
MORE EXERCISES
I. Complete the sentence with the correct form of the verb in the box. 
exhaust, release, alternate, supply, renew, pollute, research, relate, harm, finite 
Coal, gas and oil are __________ forms of energy that can not be replaced after used. 
The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation's energy __________
Solar energy is not only plentiful and __________ but also clean and safe. 
Increased consumption will lead to faster __________ of our natural resources. 
Electricity companies were criticized for failing to develop __________ energy sources. 
Oxygen from the water is __________ into the atmosphere. 
Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a __________ short time. 
How to make full use of these __________ sources of energy is a question for all over the world. 
These pesticides are environmentally __________ 
Water power provides energy without __________ 
II. Change all of the adjective clauses to adjective phrases. Use the participles. 
Only a few of the movie that are shown at the Gray Theater are suitable for children.
Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that contains 70 percent of the earth's fresh water. 
Only a small fraction of the eggs that are laid by a fish actually hatch and survive to adulthood. 
None of the pedestrians who were walking up and down the busy street stopped to help the elderly man who was slumped in the door way. 
Food that passes from the mouth to the stomach goes through a tube which is called the esophagus. 
Animals that are born in a zoo generally adjust to captivity better than those that are captured in the wild. 
The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse. 
The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture. 
I was awakened by the sound of laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, being + -ed or to-infinitive form of these verbs. 
	build 	drive educate elect flow travel introduce need print say tell off give write win appear 
The man _____________ the bus is my brother. 
I went to a reunion for students _____________ in the physics department during the 1980s. 
As my aunt told me what she thought, I felt like a schoolboy _____________ by his headmaster. 
There is a sign on the gate _____________ 'Entry forbidden'. 
Emma Thompson is the most famous actress _____________ on stage here. 
Across the river were some of the deer _____________ into the park in the 19th century. 
Rivers _____________ into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago. 
New Zealand was the first country_____________ women the vote. 
The booklets _____________ as we speak will be on sale later this afternoon. 
Anyone _____________ further information can see me in my office. 
The guest on our show is the youngest golfer _____________ the Open. 
Mary O'Brien, the Democrat _____________ to the council only last week, has resigned. 
We live in a house_____________ in 1906. 
Any passenger _____________ to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train. 
Melanie was the only person _____________a letter of thanks. 
IV. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases. 
We visited Madrid, which is the capital of Spain. 
Astronomy, which is the study of planets and stars, is one of the world's oldest sciences. 
Jasmine, which is a plant with fragrant flowers, grows only in warm places. 
Arizona, which was once thought to be a useless desert, is today a rapid growing industrial and agricultural state. 
Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for independence early in the 191h century. 
Few tourists ever see a jaguar, which is a spotted wild cat that is native to tropical America. 
.
Nero, who was Emperor of Home from A.D 54 to 68, is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife. 
In hot weather, many people enjoy lemonade, which is a drink that is made from lemon juice, water, and sugar. 
My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buys fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier. 
Honolulu, which is best known to the travelers for Waikiki Beach, has consistently pleasant weather. 
V. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. 
She refuse to answer, which was disappointing. 
	Her  
I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere. 
	Nowhere  
It is disappointing that we haven't heard from Molly. 
	We are  
'Well done, I'm so glad you've passed your exam.' 
	I congratulated  
Somebody really ought to look into this problem further. 
	This problem  
Nobody has paid for the tickets, have they? 
	The tickets  
If I hadn't examined the photograph myself, I would have thought it was a fake. 
Had  
Tom arrived late and started complaining. 
Not only  
Smuggling pets is a serious offense, because there is a danger of rabies. 
Because of  
I wish I could play tennis really well. 
I'd like  
TEST 11
PHONOLOGY 
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from those of the rest. 
A. fast	B. screen	C. cleanse	D. scrub
A. courage	B. mouse	C. countdown	D. ground
A. drum	B. jute	C. jump	D. plug
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern. 
A. pressure 	B. recent 	C. micron 	D. collapse 
A. empathy 	B. fantastic 	C. internet 	D. recognize 
a. energy 	b. natural 	c. relative 	d. pollution 
a. fossil 	b. limit 	 ... ___we can use solar collectors for heating water and air in our homes. If you've seen a house with big shiny panels (8)____________, that family is using solar power. 
A. wondered	B. yet	C. never	D. ever	
A. source	B. origin	C. mine	D. root
A. In deed	B. In fact	C. In spite of	D. In addition to
A. over	B. with	C. as	D. for
A. were using	B. has used	C. have used	D. had used
A. about	B. on	C. during	D. through
A. As a result	B. Besides	C. Yet	D. However
A. on the top	B. on the roof	C. on the bottom	D. on the peak
C. USE OF ENGLISH 
Vocabulary 
Choose the best answers. 
The teacher is ______ the rules of the game to his students. 
	A. explaining 	B. saying 	C. telling 	D. mentioning 
She's very ________ with her children. 
	A. satisfied 	B. strict 	C. cold 	D. easy 
The bank refused to _________ the money to us. 
	A. charge 	B. borrow 	C. lend 	D. hire 
The country _______ its independence twenty years ago. 
	A. had 	B. gained 	C. took 	D. made 
The boy was told to _________ for breaking the vase. 
	A. confess 	B. excuse 	C. apologize 	D. explain 
Oil, coal, and natural gas are 	.
	a. solar system 	b. nuclear power 	c. hydropower 	d. fossil fuels 
 ______energy uses natural sources of energy such as the sun, wind, or water for power and fuel, rather than oil, coal, or nuclear power. 
	a. Alternative 	b. Solar 	c. Hydroelectricity 	d. Electricity 
 _______ is the power from sources such as electricity and coal that makes machines work or provides heat. 
	a. Chemical 	b. Machine 	c. Energy 	d. Natural gas
Water energy is used to create electricity. 
	a. produce 	b. design 	c. operate 	d. heat 
A _____ is a structure that is used to convert the power of the wind into electricity. 
	a. dam 	b. windmill 	c. machine 	d. panel
Nuclear power is cleaner than coal 
	a. strength 	b. might 	c. rule 	d. energy 
Underground cables carry	to all parts of the town. 
	a. electric 	b. electricity 	c. electrify 	d. electrification 
We will never actually used solar energy in its	. 
	a. entire 	b. entirely 	c. entirety 	d. entireties 
Although we need more energy, we should consider the ____ of a nuclear power station. 
	a. disadvantage 	b. disadvantageous 	c. disadvantaged 	d. disadvantageously 
A greenhouse is warm because the glass traps the ___ of the sun. 
	a. tide 	b. heat 	c. cool 	d. electricity 
Coal power stations 	sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere. 
	a. clean 	b. build 	c. release 	d. use 
How long will it be before the world's fuel supplies are exhausted?
	a. got rid of 	b. used up 	c. put up with 	d. gone out 
He had spent his entire life in China to work as an energy researcher. 
	a. long 	b. whole 	c. relative 	d. short 
Fossil Fuels will be exhausted within a relatively short time. 
	a. comparatively 	b. shortly 	c. rapidly 	d. disadvantageously 
The potential of alternative sources of energy is great. 
	a. ability to achieve 	b. solar system 	c. use 	d. heat 
There is 	of solar energy that we cannot make full use of. 
	a. plenty 	b. plenties 	c. plentiful 	d. plentifully 
Thanks to the _____ of scientists all over the world, our life has become better and better. 
	a. create 	b. creative 	c. creatively 	d. creativity 
The seas store 	and release it gradually during cold periods. 
	a. hot 	b. heat 	c. heated 	d. heating 
Prepositions and Phrasal verbs 
Choose the best answers. 
I'm anxious _______ Tom. His plane is overdue. 
	A. in 	B. about 	C. for 	D. of 
"I agree that Bob looks ridiculous since he shaved his head, but don't make fun ______ him or you'll hurt his feelings." 
	A. at 	B. over 	C. of 	D. on 
Students are encouraged to take part _______ the discussion. 
	A. to 	B. on 	C. for 	D. in 
I'm very interested _________ English literature. 
	A. in 	B. to 	C. of 	D. with 
When the teacher entered the room, all the students stood _________.	 
	A. of 	B. up 	C. by 	D. down 
______ present, scientists are trying to find out the most suitable energy. 
	a. In 	b. For 	c. At 	d. On 
 Nuclear power can provide us ______great source of energy. 
	a. for 	b. on 	c. with 	d. at 
 Do you know where this kind of energy comes ____? 
	a. up 	b. from 	c. on 	d. in 
The sun releases large amounts _______ energy every day. 
	a. for 	b. in 	c. for 	d. of 
The solar energy can change 	_____ electricity. 
	a. to 	b. for 	c. with 	d. into 
We do not have plenty _____ energy as we think. 
	a. of 	b. on 	c. over 	d. for 
III. Structures 
Choose the best answers. 
- He doesn't like tea. Does he like coffee? 
- No, he likes 	. 
	A. neither tea or coffee 	B. neither tea nor coffee 
	C. either tea or coffee	D. either tea nor coffee
I	cartoon since I was a child
	A. has liked	B. like	C. liked	D. have liked
We will go camping	it rains.
	A. if	B. unless	C. only if	D. provided
The song	we listened last night was good.
	A. to which	B. which	C. which to	D. that
	had the cinema opened than people were flocking to see movies.
	A. Not once	B. Not until	C. No sooner	D. Nowhere
- I know you lost your wallet. Did you lose your key too? 
- Yes, I lost 	 
	A. both my wallet or my key 	B. neither my wallet nor my key 
	C. not only my wallet but also my key 	D. either my wallet or my key 
I went to bed after I 	my homework. 
	A. finish 	B. have finished 	C. finished 	D. had finished 
Water freezes if the temperature 	below Doe. 
	A. goes 	B. will go 	C. went 	D. has gone 
I _______ my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight. 
	A. will finish 	B. will have finished 	
	C. have finished 	D. am finishing 
 Physics 	to understand the mysteries of the physical world. 
	A. will seek 	B. sought 	C. seeks 	D. seek 
You should disconnect ____ power before attempting to repair electrical equipment. 
	a. a 	b. an 	c. the 	d. Ø 
The energy 	by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps. 
	a that is producing 	b. which produces 	c. producing 	d. produced 
They are making an artificial lake 	water for an area. 
	a. provided 	b. that provided 	c. to provide 	d. which is provided 
Acid rain refers to any form of precipitation ____ more acidic than normal rainwater. 
	a. to be 	b. being 	c. been 	d. is 
Carbon dioxide is the gas 	human beings and other animals exhale. 
	a. that 	b. to which 	c. to that 	d. of whom 
The industrialized nations have promoted the waste of fossil fuels, 	greenhouse gas emissions. 
	a. increases 	b. to increase 	c. increased 	d. which increases 
Scientists are constantly searching for new sources of power ____ modern society running. 
	a. using for keeping	b. that uses to keep 	c. user for keeping 	d. which uses to keep 
She is the only one in the discussion 	to using nuclear power. 
	a. objects 	b. objected 	c. to object 	d. whom objects 
The old man 	a black suit is a famous energy researcher. 
	a. to wear 	b. wearing 	
	c. whom is wearing 	d. is wearing 
Johnny was the last applicant	for a position in that energy station. 
	a. to interview 	b. which is interviewed 	c. interviewing 	d. to be interviewed 
Coal, 	of energy in many countries, is a serious pollutant. 
	a. the main source 	b. is the main source 	
	c. being the main source 	d. that is the main source 
Is there any oil 	? 
	a. using 	b. being used 	c. to be used 	d. to use 
I have something interesting 	. 
	a. told you 	b. to tell you 	c. that tells you 	d. telling you 
If the wind does not blow, there is no 	wind energy. 
	a. a 	b. an 	c. the 	d. Ø
I pulled off the sheets which covered the furniture. 
	a. to cover 	b. covered 	c. that covering 	d. covering 
The nuclear power plant that was completed last year will come to operate tomorrow. 
	a. completing 	b. to complete 	c. completed 	d. which completed 
We have a lot of important documents on energy to read. 
	a. that we have to read 	b. for reading 	c. we read 	d. which we read 
 The solar panel ______ on the roofs of the house can get enough energy for the whole family. 
a. fixing b. to fix c. fixed d. that is fixing 
I think we should use hydroelectric power, _________. 
	a. that is clean and safe 	b. to be clean and safe 
	c being clean and safe 	d. which is clean and safe 
 Solar power, ___ a potential of alternative sources of energy, is a big question for researchers. 
	a. being 	b. is 	c. to be 	d. which is 
Scientists will find ways 	our supplies of coal, oil, and gas. 
	a. to increase 	b. increasing 	c. that is increasing d. increased 
Airplanes ____ in the twentieth century is one of the sources of pollution. 
	a. which invented 	b. to invent 	c. invented 	d. that is invented 
Mr. Pike has established a potential business ____ solar panels. 
	a. to sell 	b. selling 	c. sold 	d. which selling 
Those people _______in favor of nuclear power do not want to refer its disadvantages. 
	a. are 	b. who are 	c. to be 	d. been
The heat 	from the sun is infinite. 
	a. to release 	b. that is released 	c. released 	d. releasing 
A survey on alternative sources of energy 	out by those scientists will be reported to the public next week. 
a. which carried 	b. that carried 	c. carried 	d. carrying
D. WORD FORM 
Choose the best answers. 
She's doing an evening class in ______ (photograph)
He's a freelance political ______ (journal)
I'm going to ____ for someone to clean my house. (advertising)
Christmas is such a ______ time of year. (joy)
It's ______ to book seats at least a week in advance.(advise)
E. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION 
"Don't forget to turn off the light before you go out," said the man. 
The man reminded .. 
No one but you and I know the answers. 
Only you and I . 
They failed to find out a solution to the problem. 
They did not ... 
This is the bank. We borrowed money from it. 
This is the bank .. 
If she were not shy, she would take part in the competition. 
Because of ... 
Despite having a lot of money, he wasn’t happy.
	Even though .
Our life is becoming more comfortable because the national economy is developing steadily.
	Because of .
Mr. Brown is going to the circus tonight. So are his children.
	Mr. Brown with his children .
They know little about what to expect when they start work.
	They have ..
F. Identify one underlined word or phrase that is incorrect:
1. The picture of the soldiers bring back many memories.
 A B C B
2. If the duties of these officers isn’t reduced, there will not be enough time to finish it. 	
A B C D
3. Either Bill nor Mary is going to the play tonight.
 A B C D
4. A number of reporters was at the conference yesterday.
 A B C D
5. Every elementary school teacher have to take this examination.
 A B C D
6. These pictures, as well as this photograph , brightens the room.
 A B C D
7. What he said you seems to be of no importance.
 A B C D
8. Measles are cured without much difficulty nowadays.
 A B C D
9. If they had left the house early, they wouldn’t have been so late at the play.
 A B C D
10. Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill him.
 A B C D