Đề cương ôn tập tiếng Anh 11

Đề cương ôn tập tiếng anh 11
(A draff of review english 11)
Unit 1: The infinitive ( Động từ nguyên mẫu)
1.Infinitive with “to”. (ĐT nguyên mẫu có “to”)
a/ V + to V
	ex: He agreed to do this work.
	 They promised to come back to pick up me.
	 He afforded to buy this quite house.
Some popular verbs: agree, offer, decide, appear, forget, seem, learn, manage, hope, promise, fail, arrange
b/ V + O + to V
	Ex: My father taught me how to use this computer.
	 She reminds us to do homework .
Some popular verbs: remind, force, enable, persuade, order, warn, invite, teach, get..
c/ What/ how/ where/ when + to V
	Ex: I don’t know where to go. I’m homeless.
	 Do you remember what to do?
Some popular verbs: forget, explain, understand, decide, ask
d/ Some special verbs: 
Sau Want, mean, intend, ask, expect, help, would like, would prefer ta dùng cả 2 cấu trúc 
V + to V và V + O + to V.
	Ex: They asked me to turn back his book.
	 She asked to use this machine.
2. Infinitive without “to”. (Động từ nguyên thể không có “to”)
a/ After Model verbs: 
can
could
may 	+ V
might 
would
should
maybe
	Ex: I can sing well.
	 You should go now.
b/ After “Make & Let”:
	Make
	Let	+ O + V
	Ex: This story makes me feel happy.
	 Why do you let him go away?
Unit 2: Tenses Revision (Xem lại trong vở học)	 
Unit 3 & 4. Infinitive and Gerund. (Động từ nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ)
1.Infinitive. (Unit 1)
Addition: 	a/ After “be + adj”: be glad, be happy, be kind
	Ex: 	It is nice to meet you.
	You are kind to carry this heavy suitcase for me.
	b/ After “be + enough/ too”
	Ex: 	She is too lazy to become a good student.
2. Gerund:
a/ Subject.(Danh động từ làm chủ ngữJ)
	Ex: Going shopping is my hobby.
b/ After “ enjoy/ like/ love/ avoid/ delay/ deny/ finish/ mind/ miss/ practise/ prevent/ postpone/ risk/ forgive/ admit/ consider
	Ex: The little girl denied breaking the vase.
c/ After some Phrases/ Forms( Sau các cụm từ/ Cấu trúc): can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel like, It’s no good, It’s no use
	Ex: I can’t help laughing whenever he tells a joke.(Tôi ko thể nhịn đc cười mỗi khi anh ta kể truyện hài)
d/ After preposotion (Sau các Giới từ)
Look forward to
Insist on
Be surprised at
 Be interested in	 	+ V-ing
Be busy with
Think of/ about
Be afraid of
	Ex: We are thinking about going camping in the mountain.
3. To V or V-ing after Remember/ stop/ forget/ regret/ try.(Xem lại trong vở học)
Unit 5 & 6. Reported speech with Infinitive and Gerund.
	(Câu tường thuật với Động từ nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ)
1. With Infinitive: 
a/ Reported orders and requests:
Structure: S + told/ asked/ ordered/ talked+ O + (not) to V
Ex: “Don’t talk in the class” the teacher said
	=The teacher told us not to talk in the class.
Ex: “Remmenber to finish your homework before going out” His father said.
	=His father ordered him to remmenber to finish his homework before going out.
b/ Reported offers and suggetions:
Structure: S + advise/ warn/ agree/ invite/ decide/ hope+ O + (not) to V
Ex: My mother said “You should study harder”
	= My mother advised to study harder.
Ex: The boy said “ I will help you”
	= The boy promised to help me.
2. With Gerund:
Gerund được dùng sau một số cụm ĐT/ ĐT+ GT khi tường thuật:
Accusedof
apologize for
congratulateon
dream of
insist on
preventfrom
thanksfor
warnagainst
think of
admit
deny
suggest
Ex: “You took some of my money” He said
	= He accused me of taking some of his money
Ex: “It is nice of you to listen to my presentation. Thankyou.” She said
	= She thanked us for listening to her presentation.
Unit 7: Conditional types 1, 2, 3
	 Conditional in Reported Speech
Cond types 1, 2, 3.
Type
IF- clause
MAIN- clause
1. Future or Present possible.
(Hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
S + V/ V(es/s)
S + will/ shall/ can/ may+V
2. Present unreal.
(Không có thật ở hiện tại)
S + Ved
S + would/ should/ could/ might+ V
3. Past unreal.
(Không có thật trong quá khứ)
S + had + VpII
S + would/ could/ should/ mighthave + VpII
Cond in Reported Speech.
Type 1. 
Ex: “If it rains, I will stay at home to read book” The boy said
	= The boy said that if it rained, he would stay at home to read book.
Ex: “ If I catch the train, I will return home early” Mary said
	= Mary said that if She caught the train, she would return home early.
Nghiên cứu những ví dụ trên ta nhận thấy: Câu ĐK loại 1 khi chuyển sang câu tường thuật tuân thủ theo Quy tắc lùi một thì như trong các câu tường thuật khác.
Types 2, 3.
Ex: She said “ If I were you, I would attend the class”
	= She said if she were me, she would attend the class.
Ex: “ If he had come, we would have had a good time” They said
	= They said that if he had come, they would have had a good time.
Qua các ví dụ trên ta thấy : Khi chuyển câu ĐK loại 2 và loại 3 sang câu tường thuật ta vẫn giữ nguyên thì, không thay đổi.
Unit 8: Pronouns: One(s), someone, anyone, no one, everyone.(Xem lại trong vở học)	
Unit 9: Defining and Non defining Relative Clauses	
Who: thay thế DT chỉ người làm Chủ ngữ.
Whom: thay thế DT chỉ người làm Tân ngữ.
Whose: thay thế Tính từ Sở hữu.
Which: thay thế DT chỉ Đồ vật, con vật.
Where: thay thế DT chỉ nơi chốn. 
When: thay thế DT chỉ thời gian.
that: thay thế các ĐTQH trên.( ko dùng trong MĐQHKXĐ và MĐQH có giới từ)
Defining Relative Clauses
Non Defining Relative Clauses
Ex: The women who worked here last month has gone away.
Mệnh đề “who worked here last month” là MĐQHXĐ vì nó xác định nghĩa cho DT “the women”. 
Ta không thể bỏ MĐ này trong câu
Ex: Peter, who is a soft man, is interested in stamp collection.
MĐ “who is a soft man” là MĐQH không XĐ vì nó chỉ bổ xung thông tin cho DT “Peter”.
Ta có thể bỏ MĐ này đi.
DT đã đc Xđ bởi : -DT riêng
Dùng TTSH : my, her
Dùng Đại từ chỉ định : this, that, those..
MĐQHKXĐ đứng giữa 2 dấu phẩy.
Note: MĐQHXD >< DT khôngXĐ
 MĐQH Không XĐ >< DT XĐ
Unit 10: Relative pronouns with prepositions. (Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ)
a/ Đặt GT trước ĐTQH hoặc sau ĐT chính
	Ex :	The man to whom you talked yesterday is my uncle.
	The man whom you talked to yesterday is my uncle.
b/ Có thể bỏ ĐTQH và đưa GT về sau ĐT chính
	Ex :	The man you talked to yesterday is my uncle.
c/ Chú ý : - GT đứng trước ĐTQH thường được ta sử dụng nhiều hơn cả.
 - Ta không sử dụng ĐTQH “who, that, where, when, why” sau các GT
	 - Some examples:
I will introduce you to the man with whom I share a flat.
She found the letter for which I was looking.
The song to which we listened lastnight was exciting.
Unit 11: R.C replaced by Participles and To-infinitive.
	(MĐQH được thay thế bởi Phân từ và ĐT nguyên thể có TO)
By Participles.
a/ By Present Participles.(Bởi Hiện tại phân từ – V-ing).
Khi ĐT trong MĐQH chỉ hđ dang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói.
Ex : The man who is talking to the headmaster is our form teacher.
	= The man talking to the headmaster is our form teacher.
Khi ĐT của MĐQH diễn tả công việc hàng ngày.
Ex : I work in this farm which has a lot of flowers.
	= I work in this farm having a lot of flowers.
Khi ĐT của MĐQH ở thể chủ động.
Ex : Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech lastnight ?
	= Do you know the woman making a very interesting speech lastnight?
b/ By Past participles. (Bởi Quá khứ phân từ – VpII)	.
Khi ĐT của MĐQH ở thể bị động.
Ex: The work “ The Old man and the sea” which was written by Hemingway is really interesting.
	= The work “ The Old man and the sea” written by Hemingway is really interesting.
By To-infinitive.
a/ Form: S + V + O + R.C	 =	S + V + O + to V/ for sb to V
Ex: The student who was interviewed this morning is my close friend.
	= The student to be interviewed this morning is my close friend.
Ex: We have a lot of books which you can read when you are free.
	= We have a lot of books for you to read when you are free.
b/ Form: 	This is the first/ secondlast + N + R.C
	= This is the first/ secondlast + N + to V.
Ex: This is the first foreigner who teaches us English in our school.
	= This is the first foreigner to teach us English in our school.
Unit 12 : Omission of Relative Pronouns.(Lược bỏ ĐTQH)
1. As Subject. ( ĐTQH là chủ ngữ)
	Các ĐTQH đóng vai trò là Chủ ngữ trong câu, ta ko lược bỏ ĐTQH đó.
Ex: The picture which took the first prize was of mine.
	 S V
Ex: I don’t like people who talk a lot.
	 S V
2. As Object. ( ĐTQH là Tân ngữ)
Khi các ĐTQH là tân ngữ trong câu, ta được phép lược bỏ chúng.
Ex : Are there the books which you bought yesterday ?
	= Are there the books you bought yesterday?
	Ex: The dress which Ann designed didn’t fit her.
	= The dress Ann designed didn’t fit her.
Unit 13: Cleft Sentences.
1.Subject focus:
It be + subject + that/ who/ which + V
	ex:	It is my mother who loves us most.
	 	It was her best friend that helped her to get over.
	It was Tom cat which caught Jerry mouse.
2. Object focus:
	It be + object + that + S + V
	ex:	It is my mother that I love most.
	It was this diamond ring that my boyfriend gave me.
3. Adverbial focus: 
	It be + adv + that + S + V + O
	ex:	It was on the last Valentine’s day that my boyfriend gave me this diamond ring.
	It is in that house that I was born.
Unit 14: Conjunctions.
1. Các cụm “bothand/ not only.but also/ eitheror/ neither..nor” dùng nối 2 từ đồng loại với nhau.
Both.and: 	Vừa..vừa.
ex: That man is both musicial and singer.
	Both you and I have to go to school every morning.
Not only.but also: 	Không những .mà còn
ex: Your computer is not only cheap but also nice.
	This perfume is not only for man but also for woman.
Either..or : 	Hoặc..hoặc
ex: Either you learn or you go away.
	Tomorrow it is either sunny or rainy.
Neither ..nor : 	Khôngmà cũng không
ex: He neither looks me nor says any words. He cries.
	Neither going to school nor staying at home all day makes her happy.
Notes: Động từ chia theo Chủ ngữ đứng gần nó.
	ex: Neither Tom nor I am wrong
	 Khi “Neither” đứng một mình ta dịch là “không” và Đt chia theo Dt đi sau “Neither”
	ex: Neither girl has a car.
2. Cleft sentences in passive.
	Form: It be + O/ adv + that/ who + +be VpII
Ex: 	The girl saw a cat in the garden.
active: 	It was in the garden that the girl saw a cat.
passive:	It was in the garden that a cat was seen by the girl.
Unit 15: Could/ be able to & Tag questions.
1. Could/ be able to.
a/ At present: Can/ is, are, am able to.
Được dùng như nhau. Trong văn nói ta hay dùng “can” hơn.
	ex: Can you play the video?
b/ At past: Could/ was/ were able to.
Could
Was/ were able to
Diễn tả một khả năng một ai đó có thể làm được trong quá khứ.
Ex: My child could say some simple words when she was 12 months old.
Diễn tả một hành động một người nào đó phải xoay xở, phải cố gắng hết sức để làm được trong một hoàn cảnh cụ thể.
Ex: We were able to find some useful books in the big library.
2. Tag questions. (Xem lại trong vở học)
Unit 16: It is said that./ People say that../ S be VpII to V.
1. The Passive voice. (Xem lại trong vở học)
2. Special structures:
	S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O	S: people, they, someone, no one
	 = It be (v1) + VpII that S2 + V2 + O	V1: think, believe, know, expect
	 = S2 be (v1) + VpII + to V + O
Ex: People say that he is an intelligent boy.
	= It is said that he is an intelligent boy.
	= He is said to be an intelligent boy.
Ex: They believed that the president had come there.
	= It was believed that the president had come there.
	= The president was believed to have come there.