Đề cương ôn tập học kỳ 2 - Môn Tiếng Anh 12

ÔN TẬP ANH VĂN 12 - HKII
UNIT 9 : DESERTS
GRAMMAR 
I. Connectives: AND, BUT, HOWEVER, OR, SO, THEREFORE,
1. Từ nối AND
Từ nối AND được dùng để nối hay thành phần cùng loại của câu )danh từ, động từ, tính từ, trạng từ)
Ví dụ: 	He has a house and a dog. (danh từ) 
She sang and danced happily. (động từ)
They are pretty and intelligent. (tính từ)
We listened to him attentively and enthusiastically. (trạng từ chỉ thể cách)
He goes to school in the morning and in the afternoon. (trạng từ chỉ thời gian)
We study English at home and at school. (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn)
2. Từ nối BUT
Từ nối BUT được dùng để giới thiệu một từ, một cụm từ hay một mệnh đề tương phản lại từ, cụm từ hay mẹnh đề đã được nói trước trong câu.
Ví dụ:	By the end of the day he was tired but happy.
I got it wrong. It wasn’t the red one but the blue one.
She was poor but she was honest.
We were tired but we continued to work.
He was cleverbut his friends thought he was stupid.
He was feeling bad. He went to work, however.
3. Từ nối HOWEVER (tuy nhiên)
Từ nối HOWEVER được dùng để giới thiệu một câu tương phản với những gì đã nói trước đó. HOWEVER có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc tách ra giữa câu bằng hai dấu chấm phẩy.
Ví dụ: 	He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.
 We thought the figures were correct. However, we have now discovered come errors.
4. Từ nối OR (hoặc)
a. Từ nối OR dùng để nêu lên một khả năg khác của các thành phần cùng loại trong câu 
Ví dụ: 	Is your mother taller or shorter than your aunt?
Is it a boy or a girl?
Do you go to school in the morning or in the afternoon?
Do they live in the city or in the country?
b. Từ nối OR được dùng trong câu phủ định khi đề cập đến hai hay nhiều thứ khác nhau.
He can’t read or write.
There are people without homes, jobs or family.
5. Từ nối SO
a. Dùng để chỉ lý do.
Ví dụ: 	I felt sleepy so I went to bed.
He was hungry so he stopped working and went home.
b. Dùng để chỉ kết quả.
Ví dụ: 	We didn’t hear anything from him so we began to feel worried.
We worked hard so we passed our examination with excellent results.
c. Dùng để chỉ mục đích 
I will give you a map so you won’t get lost.
She talked to her so she wouldn’t feel lonely.
6. Từ nối THEREFORE
Từ nối THEREFORE dùng để giới thiệu kết quả hợp lô-gíc của một cái gì đó đã được đề cập đến trước đó.
Ví dụ: 	He’s only 17 years old and therefore not eligible to vote.
Nó chỉ mới 17 tuổi vì vậy chưa được đi bầu cử. 
There is still much to discuss. We shall, therefore, return to this item at our next meeting.
Vẫn còn nhiều cái để thảo luận. Vì vậy chúng ta cần trở lại với việc này trong lần họp đến 
TEST 9 
	Unit 9: DESERTS	
PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word whoseunderline part is pronounc differently from that of the others in the 
1.	A. circle	B. center	C. census	D. cancel
2.	A. area	B. arise	C. arrange	D. arrive
3. 	A. dessert	B. desert	C. deserve	D. December
4.	A. roughly	B. tough	C. enough	D. cough
5.	A. gently	B. germ	C. gear	D. gene
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence. 
6. They made an aerial survey; that is, they made a survey	.	
	A. by ship 	B. by plane 	C. on foot 	D. by telescope 
7. ‘Hummock grasses grow in loose sand on the crest'. The word 'crest' in this sentence is closest in meaning to
	A. 'side' 	B. 'bottom' 	C. 'top' 	D. 'inside' 
8. Eight kilometers is	equivalent to five miles. 
	A. exactly 	B. roughly 	C. rarely 	D. precisely
9. Older people 	a large proportion of those living in poverty. 
	A. comprise 	B. consist 	C. compose	D. compound 
10. She has the windows open, 	cold it is outside. 
	A. however 	B. therefore 	C. but 	D. so 
11. There is still much to discuss. We shall,	, return to this item at our next meeting. 
	A. therefore 	B. moreover 	C. although 	D. so that 
12. The sea was dangerous, 	we didn't go in for a swim. 
	A. since 	B. but 	C. so 	D. as 
13. The new trains have more powerful engines and are	faster. 
	A. therefore 	B. however 	C. nevertheless 	D. nonetheless 
14. It was cold and wet. 	, Paul put on his swimming suit and went to the beach. 
	A. Although 	B. Therefore	C. However 	D. Because 
15. I had no choice 	to sign the contract. 
	A. despite 	B. but 	C. without 	D. unless
16. You can dress 	you like. 
	A. whomever 	B. therefore 	C. however 	D. nevertheless 
17. 	hard he tried, he couldn't open the door. 
	A. Therefore 	B. However 	C. Although 	D. Despite 
18. We took a map with us	. 
	A. so that we would get lost 
	B. so that we wouldn't get lost 
	C. so that we won't get lost 
	D. in order to get lost 
19. We'll buy everything you produce 	reasonable. 
	A. provided 	B. so 	C. only 	D. except
20. Sunglasses come	many different colors, shapes, and strengzths. 
	A. with 	B. from	C. by	D. in
21. You are expected	the safety regulations of the school. 
	A. know 	B. to know 	C. knowing 	D. being known 
22.	his father, he is a biologist. 
	A. Like 	B. Alike 	C. The same	D. As 
23. Everyone	happy at the last meeting. 
	A. are 	B. were 	C. was 	D. is 
24. Did you paint it yourself or did you	 it painted? 
	A. make 	B. do 	C. have 	D. ask 
25. We	drive fast; we have plenty of time. 
	A. can't 	B. needn't 	C. mustn't 	D. oughtn't 
26. If you 	there what would you have done? , 
	A. were 	B. had been 	C. would be 	D. would have been 
27. They'll be able to walk across the river 	. 
	A. if the ice will be thick enough 	B. unless the ice is thick enough 
	C. if the ice is thick enough 	D. when the ice will be thick enough 
28. Please call if you're going to arrive 	. 
	A. as late 	B. late 	C. lately 	D. later than 
29. Nobody knew Uncle Ben was coming to see us. He arrived	. 
	A. unexpecting	B. unexpected 	C. unexpectedly 	D. expectantly 
30. 'He is back already.' 'He	very early.' 
	A. should have started 	B. must have started 
	C. shouldn't have started 	D. can't have started 
31. We expected that our team	, but it didn't. 
	A. will win the game 	B. can win the game 
	C. would win the game 	D. will be winning the game 
32. You can see the details 	the computer screen. 
	A. in 	B. on 	C. at 	D. by 
33. Don't walk too fast. I can't keep 	you. 
	A. on to 	B. on with 	C. up to 	D. up with 
34. Rita is not used 	on her own. 
	A. for living 	B. to live 	C. with living 	D. to living 
35. He bought a ticket	. 
	A. and his brother did either 	B. but his brother didn't, too 
	C. and so his brother bought 	D. and so did his brother 
Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected. 
36. A study of the difference between synthetic and natural vitamins are needed. 
37. You must take quickly the test in order to finish in time. 
38. Most vacationers can't stand traveling in packed cars or stay in dirty hotel rooms. 
39. That's the best exhibition I've never seen. 
40. Jack is looking for another job for he says he is really fed up of doing the same thing every day. 
Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best completes the unfinished statement (or best answers the question) about each passage. 
The size and location of the world's deserts are always changing. 
Over millions of years, as climates change and mountains rise, new dry and wet areas develop. But within the last 100 years, deserts have been growing at a "frightening" speed. This is partly because of natural changes, but the greatest desert makers are humans. 
In developing countries, 90 percent of the people use wood for cooking and heating. They cut down trees for firewood. But trees are important. They cool the land under them and keep the sun off the smaller plants. When leaves fall from a tree, they make the land richer. When the trees are gone, the smaller plants die, and there is nothing but sand. Yet people must use firewood, raise animals, and grow crops in order to live. 
Humans can make deserts, but humans can also prevent their growth. 
Algeria planted a green wall of trees across the edge. of the Sahara to' stop the desert sand from spreading. Mauritania planted a similar wall around Nouakchott, the capital. Iran puts a thin covering of petroleum on sandy areas and plants trees. The oil keeps the water and small ir the land, and men on motorcycles keep the sheep and goats away. Other countries build long canals to bring water to desert areas. 
Yet land that will probably become desert in the future equals the size of Australia, the United States, and the former Soviet Union together. Can people stop the growth of the world's deserts and save the land that is so essential to life? 
41. Most people in developing countries	.
	A. planted trees on the edge of the deserts B. cook on wood fires 	
	C. put oil on sandy areas D. raise sheep and goats 
42. We can infer that men on motorcycles keep the sheep and goats away so that 	.
	A. they won't eat the small trees B. they won't destroy the covering of oil 
	C. they won't drink water in the canals D. they won't blow the sand away 
43. When all the trees in an area are cut down, 	.
	A. their leaves make the land richer B. the smaller plants can grow better 
	C. they cool the land under their leaves D. there is nothing left but sand 
44. The word "frightening" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to	. 
	A. “awful”	B. "extremely fast" 	
	C. “powerful”	D. "wonderful" 
45. According to the passage, which of the following is the most important cause of desertification? 
	A. The change of climate 	 B. The spread of deserts 
	C. Human activities 	D. Cattle destroying trees 
V. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits each space in the following passage. 
Desertification 
The Sahara Desert is growing by 10km each year. The whole earth gets 600km2 of desert area more every year. This process is called "desertification." This term started being (46)__________in the 1950s. 
The idea of desertification was first known in the 1930s. Much of 	the Great Plains grew very dry (47)______________a result of drought and poor farming techniques. It was called the "Dust Bowl." Millions were forced to leave their farms and their ways of life. Since then, (48)______________have been great improvements in farming practices in the Great Plains. These have prevented the "Dust Bowl" disaster (49)________again. 
Grazing is one worry. Cows do two things to the soil. First, they eat grasses and plants that hold the soil in place. Second, their hooves break down the top layer of soil. The result is that the good soil can be blown away by the wind. The dirt (50)___________behind is not good for growing. 
46. 	A. use	B. used	C. to use	D. using
47.	A. as	B. for	C. by	D. with
48.	A. it	B. they	C. there	D. those
49.	A. to occur	B. to occurring	C. of occurring	D. from occurring
50.	A. leaves	B. to leave	C. left	D. leaving
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UNIT 10
GRAMMAR
Các độn ... hi)
	- 	as long as (chứng nào)
	-	since (từ khi) 
2.Dưới đây là cách phối hợp thì ở mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
a. Phối hợp với thì hiện tại đơn trong mệnh đề chính để diễn tả thói quen hay một việc thường xảy ra. 
We always take our umbrella with us when it rains. 
Customary activity 
I usually read the newspaper while I am waiting for the bus.
Emphrasizing th continuous nature of the activity
He never goes home before he has finished his work 
Emphasizing the completion of the activity
b. phối hợp với thì tương lai trong mệnh đề chính.
I am going to wait until you have finished your work.
We will go as soon as you have finished your work.
We will go when you finish your work.
The present perfect emphasizes the completion of the activity. 
We’ll have already finished the work when you get back.
Will have finished in the main clause expresses the completion of an activity at a point of time in future. 
c. Phối hợp với thì quá khứ trong mệnh đề chính.
I sat near the window whenever I took a bus.
Customary activity in the past 
It was raining hard when I got there.
The simple past denotes wholly completed activity at a point of time in the past.
The past continuous denotes continous activities at a point of time or an implied point of time in the past. 
I met him while I was walking down the street.
The simple past denotes wholly completed activity at a point of time in the past.
The past continuous denotes continous activities at a point of time or an implied point of time in the past. 
I was watching T.V while my brother was reading.
The past continuous denotes continous activities at a point of time or an implied point of time in the past. 
He left after/ when/ as soon as he had finished his work.
The past perfect expresses activity that occurred before other activities in the past 
The train had already left when I arrived at the station.
The past perfect expresses activity that occurred before other activities in the past 
I have felt much better since I have been here.
The present perfect expresses activity that began in the past and has continued to the present, and may continue to the future. 
She was played the piano since she was a child.
The present perfect expresses activity that began in the past and has continued to the present, and may continue to the future.
The simple past denotes wholly completed activity at a point of time in the past.
Unit 16: THE ASEAN GAMES
PRONUNCIATION
Choose the word whose main stress is put syllable from that of the others in the group. 
1.	A. origin 	B. original 	C. stability 	D. domestic
2.	A. complete 	B. repeat 	C. athlete 	D. compete
Choose the- word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in the group. 
3.	A. diverse 	B. divide 	C. divorce 	D. divine
4.	A. lives 	B. animals 	C. laws 	D. swamps
5.	A. resort 	B. present 	C. consume 	D. result
GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence. 
6. The government is determined to 	the pace of reform. 
	A. abbreviate 	B. accelerate 	C. appropriate 	D. evacuate 
7. The company is planning to promote its products on both foreign and	markets. 
	A. domestic 	B. alien 	C. overseas 	D. abroad 
8. Please telephone to make an early	at the dentist. 
	A. appointment 	B. order 	C. assignment 	D. date 
9. I cooked this meal	for you, so I hope' you like it. 
	A. special 	B. specially 	C. friendly 	D. lonely 
10. He's always telling me what to do. He's so	. 
	A. cruel 	B. bossy 	, C. helpful 	D. charming 
11. The bank will require three	signatures when you open an account. 
	A. example 	B. natural 	C. specimen 	D. personal 
12. I want 200 worth of Australian Dollars. What is the	rate, please? 
	A. exchange 	B. currency 	C. market 	D. money 
13. I	Kate's number but the line was engaged. 
	A. made 	B. turned 	C. dialed 	D. talked 
14. They were playing in the garden when	. 
	A. they have heard a scream 	B. they were hearing a scream 
	C. they heard a scream 	D. they had heard a scream 
15. He cleaned his shoes 	they shone. 
	A. when 	B. after 	C. while 	D. until 
16. I had no sooner lit the barbecue 	it started to rain. 
	A. as 	B. while 	C. than 	D. that 
17. When the paint	it'll change from a light to a deep red. 
	A. dry 	B. dries 	C. dried 	D. will dry 
18. When	older I'd love to be an artist. 
	A. I'm 	B. I'll be 	C. was 	D. have been 
19. By the time he retires, he	$20,000. 
	A. will save 	B. has saved 	C. had saved 	D. will have saved 
20. When I	here for fifteen years I'll be entitled to a pension. 
	A. work 	B. am working 	
	C. have worked 	D. had worked 
21. I'll have to buy a map	I don't know the area. 
	A. when 	B. while 	C. as 	D. until 
22. 	the scientists have made a significant breakthrough in cancer research. 
	A. Lately 	B. Late 	C. Later 	D. Latter 
23. This old house is 	historical importance. 
	A. at 	B. of 	C. in 	D. from 
24. "Whose father 	?" "I phoned Kim's father." 
	A. phoned you 	B. did you phone 
	C. you phoned 	C. was phoning you 
25. 	the strength of the earthquake that few buildings were left standing in the town. 
	A. Such was 	B. So was 	C. It was such 	D. It was so much 
26. "When is the meeting supposed to start?" "It is 	" 
	A. to begin 	B. about to begin 
	C. already begun 	D. about beginning 
27. 'Can 1 have next Tuesday 	? I'll have to go to my niece's wedding.' 'Of course, you can.' 
	A. away 	B. by 	C. off 	D. out 
28. 	mistake 1 opened her letter instead of mine. 
	A. By 	B. With	C. On 	D. For 
29. Don't let any of these children 	out into the street. 
	A. to have run 	B. running 	C. to run 	D. run 
30. You had better	your teeth	once a year. 
	A. to have / check 	B. have / check 
	C. to have / checked 	D. have / checked 
31. Don't put these glasses into very hot water 	they'll crack. 
	A. and 	B. if 	C. or 	D. so 
32. I suddenly realized that	. 
	A. I've just missed a golden opportunity 
	B. I had just missed a golden opportunity 
	C. I'll miss a golden opportunity 
	D. I'm going to miss a golden opportunity 
33. The festival was a failure. It was	. 
	A. bad organized 	B. badly organized 
	C. bad organization 	D. badly organizing 
34. It was a 	thing to say in public. 
	A. shameful 	B. shameless	C. shamed 	D. ashamed 
35. Robert was watching a film on TV when he 	asleep. 
	A. falls 	B. fell 	C. would fall 	D. felt 
Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected. 
36. Each of the students have to clean the classroom at least once a week. 
37. When I got home from work, everybody is already sitting at the dining table. 
38. I'll make some sandwiches before I'll leave for the office tomorrow morning. 
39. The part-time clerk didn't know how to add a paper to the copying machine. 
40. More Vietnamese woman have begun to work because of financial necessity. 
Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best completes the unfinished statement (or best answers the question) about each passage. 
In 1945 leaders from 51 countries met in San Francisco, California, and organized the United Nations (often called the UN). World War II had) just ended. Millions of people had died, and there was destruction everywhere. People hoped they could build a future of world peace through this new organization. 
The main United Nations organization is in New York City, but the UN has a "family" of other related organizations all over the world. These organizations try to provide a better life for everyone. One example is UNICEF, an organization that provides food, medical care, and many other services to poor children wherever they live. Another example is the World Health Organization, which develops medical programs all over the world. 
There are thousands of UN workers in developing countries. They work as planners to increase production in farming and industry. They provide medical services, improve education programs, and spread scientific information.' They develop programs that provide jobs and better living conditions. They help countries control their population growth. 
The United Nations also hold large international conferences, where people meet to discuss important world issues. One conference was about the uses and ownership of oceans. Another was about women. There are also International Years. In these special years, people work together to improve situations and solve problems. One year is the International Year of the Child. 
41. Leaders from 51 countries met in San Francisco and decided to organize the UN in order to	.
	A. help the countries that had been damaged in the War. 
	B. build a future of world peace for all countries 
	C. pay for the damage caused by World War II 
	D. exchange commercial goods 
42. What is the main purpose of the World Health Organization? 
	A. To provide food and clothing for children all over the world. 
	B. To supply teaching aid and educational programs. 
	C. To develop medical programs in different countries. 
	D. To bring peace to the countries at war. 
43. Which of the following fields is the UN NOT involved in? 
	A. Farming and industry 	B. Medical services 
	C. Education 	D. Armament 
44. In International Years held by the United Nations, people	. 
	A. discuss the uses of the oceans 	
	B. provide jobs and better living conditions 
	C. work together to improve situations 	
	D. exchange scientific information 
45. The word "spread" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to	. 
	A. “circulate”	B. “collect”	C. “save”	D. “announce”
Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C, or D) that best fits each space in the following passage. 
UNICEF helps train teachers and provides equipment and supplies for schools. (46) teaching people to read and write, UNICEF helps people to improve their lives. It also helps organize centers for young people and women. These are places where people can go for information, education, recreation, and support. 
Most of UNICEF's work is in long-term projects that help people and communities grow stronger. But (47)_______________cases of emergency, such as wars, floods, famines, and droughts, UNICEF is fast to respond to people's needs, especially the needs of children. UNICEF provides food and medical assistance (48)____________victims of these kinds of disasters.
Three-fourths of UNICEF's money comes from the contributions of governments. (49)____________one-fourth comes from the contributions of individuals, special events held to collect money for UNICEF, and the sale of greeting cards. Every year around the holiday season, UNICEF's greeting cards appear in stores. They are beautiful cards that (50)______________the true spirit of the holidays and the spirit of UNICEF - caring. 
46. 	A. As 	B. For	C. With	D. By	
47. 	A. in 	B. on	C. at	D. for
48.	A. with 	B. for	C. of	D. by
49.	A. Other 	B. Others	C. Another	D. The other
50.	A. print 	B. publish	C. nominate	D. celebrate