Conjunctions lý thuyết va bài tập

I/ both ......and 
Both+ N+ and+ N/eg: she plays both tennis and badminton. 
Both V + and+V/ eg: she both cries and laughes. 
both adj+ and adj/ eg: he is both intelligent and handsome. 
Both adv+ and adv/ eg: I go to school in both the moring and the afternoon. 
* V sau both....and..... chia o dang so nhieu. 
II/ not only.....but also. 
tuong tu both....and..../ 
eg: she not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations. 
III/ either ....or 
tuong tu both....and..../ 
Either + S1+ or+S2: v sau do chia theo s2. 
VI/ Neither ......nor...... 
tuong tu both....and..../ 
v sau do chia theo s2.
Both  and , Not only  but also , Either  or, Neither  nor 
Revision
4Terms
	We call both  and, not only  but also , either or, neither  nor pair conjunctions or correlative conjunctions.
4Parallel structures
	The same grammatical form should follow each part of the paired conjunctions.
Both + noun + and + noun/pronoun
	Both my sister and I went to Hoang Van Thu High School.
Not only + adj + but also + adj
	Trang is not only intelligent but also generous.
Not only + verb + but also + verb
	Minh not only saw the famous writer but also spoke to him.
Either + noun + or + noun
	Students can choose either English or French in this semester.
Neither + verb + nor + verb
	She had promised to visit me, but she neither came nor telephoned.
 4Subject and verb agreement
Two subjects connected by both  and  take a plural verb.
Both Tam and Dan work for an instruction company.
When two subjects are connected by not only  but also, either  or, neither nor, the second subject determines the form of the verb.
Not only my parents but also my brother is on a trip to Ha Long.
Either the teacher or the students have to make a plan for the class newspaper.
Neither salt nor sugar is necessary for this dish.
4 Notes
Not only but also  can be replaced by not only  but  as well.
It is not only rainy but also windy in this season.
It is not only rainy but windy in this season as well.
Exercises
A. In each of the following sentences, there is an error. Identify and correct it.
Both my teacher praised my best friend and me.
Ha neither went to my party or told me the reason why.
I enjoy neither swimming nor go fishing.
Hoa not only helps me in my work but as well shares my happiness and sadness in life.
I prefer living in the country since it is not only quiet but also less traffic.
I love not only watching game shows but talk shows as well.
I love literature, so I will either become a literature teacher or a journalist.
Rice is both grown in the north and in the south of Viet Nam.
B. Suply the correct form and tense of the verb in the parentheses.
Both the fridge and the air conditioner (not work)  today.
Both my sister and I (never be)  to Ha noi before.
Either my husband or I (have)  to see the estate agent today.
Either Thuy or her friends (be going to)  pick you up at the airport.
Neither Mrs. Hoa nor her assistants (be)  at the meeting yesterday.
Not only Trung but also his parents (be expected)  to come to the ceremony.
C. There is a lack of both, and, not only, but also, either, or, neither or nor in the following passage. Put a check (ü) where you will find in one of these words and write the word on the right.
Television is one of the greatest inventions since it helps us relaxed after a day of work transfers the latest news in the world. Normally, when we feel tired, we can choose to go out and have a drink with some friends to sit on the sofa in front of the television and enjoy the family warm atmosphere. You may say that you like music programs lengthy soap operas. No problem. There are many channels for you to choose. Why don’t you try TV news programs documentaries if you are interested in enlarging your knowledge? Besides, you can watch live soccer games that are transferred through satellites listen to lively comments which you can never hear in the stadium.
However, spending so much time watching television may have bad effects on parents work and children’s study. Therefore, parents children should agree on how much time of watching TV is enough for a day.
D. Combine wo sentences into one, using both  and , not only  but also, either or , neither  nor
Hoang didn’t come to class today. Nhan didn’t come to class today. (neither nor)
Le will buy a new T-shirt. If there is no style that she likes, she will buy a shirt instead. (either  or)
Oxygen is necessary for life. Water is necessary for life too. (both  and)
Chanh is also absent-minded. He left his book in class. He also left his jacket in class. (not only  but also)
My father is going to see my teacher this Sunday. If he is busy, my mother is going to see my teacher. (neither  nor )
Let’s go to the market to get some spices. We don’t have any salt left and we run out seasoning too. (neither  nor )
My aunt lives with me. My cousins live with me too. (not only but also.)
This shop sells fresh fruits. It also sells canned fruits. (both  and )
A- Đặc điểm:
*Either = hoặc cái này, hoặc cái kia, hoặc người này hoặc người kia.
*Neither = Không phải cái này mà cũng không phải cái kia, không phải người này mà không phải người kia.
*Both = cả hai
Có một số điểm giống nhau:
a> Ba từ nói trên chỉ có thể dùng để chỉ hai người hoặc hai vật, không thể chỉ ba người hay ba vật trở lên.
Ví dụ: Either shirt is OK : cái áo sơmi nào cũng được (nghĩa là cái này hay cái kia đều được)
I like neither of them : tôi không thích người nào cả (trong số hai người)
They are both too young to go to school : cả hai đứa đều còn nhỏ quá chưa đi học được.
b> Ba từ nói trên đều có thể dùng như một tính từ, đại từ hay liên từ.
+ Tính từ
Ví dụ:
* Neither student is good at maths.
* There are trees on either side of this treet.
* Both these girls are married.
+ Đại từ
Ví dụ:
* Either (of them) can swim.
* Neither (of them) has a bicycle.
* I know both (of them).
+ Liên từ
Ví dụ:
* He neither drinks nor smokes.
* A bird may be either shot or trapped.
* The statue of Liberty was both designed and presented to the American people by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi.
Trong phần liên từ này ta có thể kể thêm tương liên từ (correlative) not onlybut also (không những.mà còn. Vì cấu trúc gần giống như các liên từ = eitheror,neithernor, và both and).
Riêng về trạng từ, thì “either” “neither” có khi được dùng ở vị trí trạng từ, nhưng “both” thì không. Trái lại “both” có thể lảm nhiệm vụ đồng vị khi chủ ngữ là một đại từ nhân xưng.
Ví dụ:
* We both cut ourselves while shaving.
Từ đồng vị “both” cũng có thể đứng giữa một trợ từ và động từ chính hay sau động từ “to be”.
Ví dụ:
* They can both swim well
* You are both late.
* They have both gone to market.
B- Cấu trúc
Part 1: Tính từ
Tính từ mô tả, nhất là tính từ chỉ màu sắc, thường có hai chức năng: bổ ngữ (C), định ngữ (M). Tuy nhiên có một số tính từ trong đó có either, neither, both, chỉ làm định ngữ mà thôi. Là định ngữ, ba tính từ này đều đứng trước danh từ số ít. 
1) EITHER & NEITHER
Ví dụ: 
* Either tourist speaks English.
* Neither umbrella is mine.
* Either student is good at maths, aren’t they?
* Neither person witnessed the accident, did they?
Từ những ví dụ trên chúng ta có thể rút ra những kết luận về cách dùng “either” & “neither”
- Danh từ mà “either”, “neither” thêm nghĩa, không bao giờ có mạo từ “a”, “an” đứng trước, cho dù danh từ ấy là một danh từ đếm được.
-“Either”, “neither” cúng không chấp nhận mạo từ “the”, “this”, “that” hay một tính từ sở hữu nào đó.
- “Either”, “neither” chỉ thêm nghĩa cho danh từ số ít, do đó khi danh từ là chủ ngữ thì động từ ở số ít. Tuy nhiên, trong tiếng Anh hiện đại, khi danh từ ấy bao gồm cả nam lẫn nữ, thì đại từ thay thế phải ở số nhiều. Tính từ sở hữu của danh từ ấy cũng ở số nhiều:
Ví dụ:
* Either student left their books behind.
2) BOTH
Ví dụ: 
* Both students were wearing uniforms.
* Both these/those/our houses are in Dien Bien Phu st.
* We both agreed to his proposal.
* We can both cook well
* They were both late.
Qua những ví dụ trên chúng ta nhận xét có gì khác nhau giữa BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER.
- “Both” luôn ở số nhiều. Do đó danh từ mà “both” thêm nghĩa cũng luôn ở số nhiều, nếu là một danh từ đếm được.
- Danh từ đi sau “both” có thể có mạo từ “the”, tính từ chỉ định (determinative) như “these”, “those”, hay tính từ sở hữu như “my”, “your” đi trước. Nhưng các từ đi trước này lại đứng sau “both”, mặc dù “both” là một tính từ.
- “Both” không có chức năng trạng từ, nhưng có thể làm từ đồng vị cho đại từ chủ ngữ. Là từ đồng vị “both” có thể đứng trước động từ chia rồi, sau “to be”, giữa trợ từ và động từ chính.
2) Trạng từ (Adverb)
Ví dụ:
* She can’t climb the mountain and he can’t EITHER.
* I wasn’t at the beauty contest and NEITHER was she.
* Thuy didn’t have her hair cut, NEITHER did her brother.
*A: I shan’t go overseas next month.
B: I shant’t EITHER/ NEITHER shall I.
Từ các ví dụ trên ta có thể thấy, EITHER và NEITHER khi được dụng như một trạng từ thì chỉ có thể sử dụng ở thể phủ định.
a, EITHER (Adv)
i) Cả hai vế,trước và sau, đều ở thể phủ định.
ii) EITHER đứng sau “to be”, sau trợ động từ (trong câu hỏi ngắn gọn) và ở cuối câu.
Ví dụ:
* I’m not happy and you arenn’t EITHER.
* She can’t ski and I can’t EITHER.
* The boy didn’t do his homework, he didn’t learn his lesson EITHER.
* He hasn’t been to Halong Bay and his sister hasn’t been there yet EITHER.
b) NEITHER/NOR (Adv)
i) NEITHER và NOR có thể được dùng để bày tỏ sự động ý với một lời phát biểu phủ định.
Ví dụ:
* A: I can’t dance
B: I can’t EITHER (NEITHER/NOR can I)
Chú ý: Trong đàm thoại còn có thể nói: Me NEITHER! / NOR me!
ii) NEITHER và NOR trong câu nói mà chủ ngữ ở cả hai vế trước và sau đều là một người nói thì có hai cách:
Cách thứ nhất: Trước NEITHER hay NOR có thêm một liên từ kết hợp là AND hay BUT (động từ ở mệnh đề sau ở dạng nghi vấn)
Ví dụ:
* He can’t dance and NEITHER/NOR can his sister.
* I can’t play the violin but NEITHER/NOR can she.
Chú ý: Cách dùng AND và BUTvới NOR thì người Anh thường dùng hơn các người nói tiếng Anh khác trên thế giới (Úc, philipin). Ngược lại, các nơi khác thì thường dùng AND và BUT với NEITHER hơn.
Cách thứ hai: Tiếp theo vế thứ nhất, không cần dùng liên từ AND hay BUT mà chỉ cần ngăn cách giữa hai mệnh đề bằng một dấu phẩy(,) (lẽ dĩ nhiên động từ vẫn ở thể nghi vấn)
Ví dụ:
* He wasn’t invited to the party, NOR did he want to join in.
iii) Đôi khi NEITHER/NOR (trạng từ) cũng được dùng trong một câu mà vế trước dùng ở thể khẳng định (thường thì giữa hai mệnh đề độc lập có một dấu phẩy(,)
Ví dụ:
* He slept all day; NOR did he eat anything.
3. Đại từ (Pronoun)
Khi BOTH, EITHER, NEITHER thay thế cho một anh từ, nó trở thành đại từ.
a) Đại từ này có thể thay thế cho một danh từ được hiểu ngầm (nghĩa là khi nói ra thì người nghe biết đó là người nào, vật nào)
Ví dụ:
* BOTH passed the exam. (BOTH = 2 students)
* I don’t like EIT ... identify card. (NOT ONLYBUT ALSO)
9. He spoke French fluently AND correctly. (BOTHAND)
10. She should get a scholarship OR she should work her way through medical school. (EITHEROR)
Bài tập 4: Hãy viết lại các câu dưới đây bằng cách dùng liên từ trong ngoặc.
Ex: He enjoys collecting stamps AND old china (BOTHAND)
=> He enjoys collecting BOTH stamps AND old china.
1. The chickens haven’t been fed; the pigs haven’t been fed EITHER (NEITHERNOR)
2. She carried me in her arms AND she lutted me to sleep. (NOT ONLYBUT ALSO)
3. You were mad OR drunk. (EITHEROR)
4. You can find it in the library OR in a second-hand book shop (EITHEROR)
5. The boy is intelligent AND hardworking. (BOTHAND)
6. He didn’t want his coffee OR his tea strong. (NEITHERNOR)
7. You can take these tablets OR seek a doctor’s advice. (EITHEROR)
8. The thief stole my money AND tore up my identify card. (NOT ONLYBUT ALSO)
9. He spoke French fluently AND correctly. (BOTHAND)
10. She should get a scholarship OR she should work her way through medical school. (EITHEROR)
Bài tập 5: Dịch sang tiếng Anh, sử dụng những cấu trúc vừa học
1. Bạn học theo giáo trình này có cảm thấy thích thú không ? Vâng, thích lắm – Tôi cũng vậy.
2. Tuần vừa rồi tôi không đi câu mà ba tôi cũng vậy.
3. Cả hai bạn ấy đều giỏi toán.
4. Cả hai dây giày này đều tuột ra rồi.
5. Không đứa nào tự tắm rửa được.
6. Bệnh nhân nào cũng đã tự đi lại một mình được rồi.
7. Chị ấy đã từng đi Thái Lan rồi. Tôi cũng vậy.
8. Hôm qua anh ấy không cop bài của người bên cạnh và chị ấy cũng vậy.
9. Tối qua cậu bé ấy không học bài mà cũng không làm bài tập về nhà.
10. Cách đây mấy phút, cậu ấy chẳng những giả vờ ngủ mà còn ngáy nữa.
11. Cả anh ấy và em gái cô ấy đều mê đọc sách.
12. Cậu ấy giả vờ như không thấy tao, và cô ấy cũng vậy.
13. Tôi tự hỏi không biết có nên nhận lời mời của anh ấy hay không ? Tôi cũng vậy.
14. Vừa rồi chị ấy quyết định không tham gia thảo luận. Anh ấy cũng vậy.
15. Không người nào trong số hai chúng tôi có thể quên ngày gặp mẹ chúng tôi lần cuối cùng.
16. Vừa rồi, cả hai chúng tôi có thử gọi số điện thoại nhà cô ấy nhưng không thấy trả lời
17. Anh ấy không fải điếc cũng không phải câm.
18. Anh ấy nói ngọng. Anh ấy nói vừa ngập ngừng vừa không rõ ràng.
19. Hút thuốc không những có hại cho sức khỏe của người hút mà còn có hại cho người xung quanh.
20. Hoặc là anh hoặc là tôi phải chịu trách nhiệm về việc này.
1. 'Do you want tea or coffee? ' BOTH EITHER , I really don’t mind.'
2. 'What day is it today - the 18th or the 19th?' BOTH NEITHER , It’s the 20th,'
3. 'There are two sandwiches here; which one shall I take? 'oh, take BOTH EITHER .'
4. I asked two people the way to the station but BOTH NEITHER OF them could help me.
5. 'When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?' BOTH EITHER , I’ll be in all day.'
6. 'Where’s Kate? Is she at work or at home?' BOTH NEITHER, she's away on holiday.'
7. To get to the town centre you can go along the footpath by the river or you can go along the road. You can go BOTH EITHER way.
8. I tried twice to phone George but BOTH times he was out.
9. BOTH NEITHER OF Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.
10. I was invited to two parties last week but I didn't go to BOTH EITHER OF them
11. Sarah and I play tennis together regularly but BOTH NEITHER OF us can play very well.
12. I tried two bookshops for the book I wanted but BOTH NEITHER OF them had it.
13. There were two windows in the room. It was very warm, so I opened BOTH BOTH OF them
1. She doesn't go to the cinema, NEITHER DO TOM NEITHER DOES TOM.
2. Jane won't buy a new dress, NEITHER WON'T MEG NEITHER WILL MEG.
3. Mike doesn't like playing football, BRIAN DOESN'T EITHER .
4. Kevin didn't phone Tom yesterday, HE DON'T NEITHER I DIDN'T EITHER.
5. I won't tell you what happened, BETTY WON'T EITHER .
6. She isn't sleeping yet, JOHN ISN'T NEITHER NEITHER IS JOHN.
7. My boss doesn't want to take a plane, I DON'T EITHER .
8. They didn't eat any cake, JIM NEITHER DID NEITHER DID JIM.
9. She hasn't taken any photo, THEY HAVEN'T EITHER .
10. Jim doesn't drink tea in the morning, I DO NEITHER NEITHER DO I.
1. What do you want to drink this morning, black or white coffee ? I don't mind, I'll drink NEITHER EITHER of them.
2. What would you like to eat, butter or jam ? I'll eat NEITHER BOTH of them. I like butter and I like jam.
3. Would you like a piece of cake or a piece of fruit ? I 'd like NEITHER BOTH of them.
4. What are you wearing today, a sweater or a jacket ? NEITHER of them, it's too hot !
5. Do you have a geography or a history lesson ? We have NEITHER lesson : our teacher is ill.
6. Did you buy an exercise-book or a ring binder for music lessons ? I had enough money, so, I bought NEITHER BOTH of them
7. Are you going to school with Helen or Jack today ? I'm going with NEITHER BOTH of them.
8. Don't forget to visit your uncle ! You can take NEITHER EITHER the bus which stops in front of his house or the bus which goes from the park,
9. but remember that NEITHER runs after seven p.m.
10. Be careful crossing the street, cars are parked on NEITHER BOTH sides of the road !
1. I have two daughters, their names are Phoebe and Hannah.
1.
They wake me up very early in the morning.
AND NEITHER Phoebe
2. AND NOR Hannah wants to stay in bed after 6.30 am.
3. 
2.
AND BOTH Phoebe
4. AND Hannah like to dress themselves,
even if they find it difficult to tie up their shoes.
5. 
3.
During the morning the children play with their toys and put them everywhere in their room.
But Phoebe doesn't put them back in the chest, Hannah doesn't AND EITHER
6. 
At lunch Phoebe refuses to eat vegetables and AND SO does Hannah.
7. 
4.
In the afternoon AND BOTH Phoebe
8. AND Hannah ask me to go to the park. 
9. 
5.
Two hours later AND NEITHER Phoebe
10. AND NOR Hannah wants to leave the park. 
They don't want to stop playing.
11. 
6.
In the evening the girls AND EITHER have a bath
12. AND OR a shower. 
13. 
7.
When it is time to go to bed Phoebe disappears, AND SO does Hannah.
But I manage to put them to bed at 8.00. 
14. 
8.
At last I can have a rest. I can AND EITHER read a book
15. AND OR watch television. 
Phoebe and Hannah are twins, they are four and they make me very happy.
1. You haven't any choice, EITHER you win or you lose.
2. EITHER NEITHER your cries nor your tears can stop him.
3. He didn't do his homework, EITHER NEITHER did his friend.
4. When I go to the pub EITHER I drink orange juice or I have a cup of tea.
5. EITHER NEITHER his parents nor his friends can make him change his mind.
6. He said that EITHER you give him some money or he will send the file to the police.
7. I like EITHER NEITHER of them.
8. EITHER expensive or cheap, I will buy this car.
9. You can find your son in EITHER NEITHER of these two rooms. I've not seen him.
10. The policeman believed EITHER NEITHER the boy nor the woman.
11. EITHER NEITHER Jack nor my brother can win.
12. She can't dance tonight, EITHER NEITHER can her boyfriend
1. These girls are funny, ALL OF BOTH OF them are jumping.
2. ALL OF these girls are standing.
3. ALL OF BOTH the boy and the girl are sitting.
4. ALL OF NEITHER of these children is walking.
5. ALL OF THE TWO little bears are playing together.
6. ALL OF BOTH boys are running.
7. ALL OF NONE of these girls is crying
8. ALL OF THE TWO girls look very different.
9. ALL OF TWO of these girls are dancing
10. Look at these boys! they are ALL OF BOTH wearing a hat.
'Both' may be used in different ways :
 Her brothers are both teachers. (after an auxiliary)
Their children both play the piano. (before a verb)
 Both her brothers are teachers. (before a noun if you want to insist)
Both their children play the piano.
 She has seen both films. 
She has seen both the films. (with the definite article but mind the structure)
 Both of those books are interesting.(with 'of')
or
Both those books are interesting. 
 I saw both of them. (with 'of' before a pronoun)
I met both of them.
 He has read both books.
He has read the two books. ('both' may be replaced by 'the two')
 The two countries are different. (here you insist on the difference)
The two houses are different.
 He is both handsome and clever.
She likes both English and French.
He is good at both mathematics and music.
So / Neither ?
To agree with a positive statement:
We use so + auxiliarymodal verb + pronoun:
'I like tea without sugar.'
'So do I.'
To agree with a positive statement:
We use nor/neither + auxiliarymodal verb + pronoun:
'I don't like tea with sugar.'
'Nor do I.' or 'Neither do I.'
To disagree with a positive statement:
We use pronoun + auxiliarymodal verb + not (-n't):
'I like tea without sugar.'
'I don't.'
To disagree with a negative statement:
We use pronoun + auxiliarymodal verb:
'I don't like tea with sugar.'
'I do.'
1. She is BOTH OF BOTH intelligent and pretty.
2. The houses are BOTH too expensive.
3. My children BOTH OF BOTH went to London last year.
4. Where are the children?..They are here, I can see BOTH BOTH OF them.
5. She will pass her exam, she is good at BOTH French and English.
6. I know their twins, BOTH THE TWO girls are very different.
7. Did you see Jane and Mike yesterday? ... yes I met BOTH OF them at the post-office.
8. Their dogs are awful ! they THE TWO BOTH made the kitchen dirty.
9. I like none of these actors, do you?... oh yes, I like BOTH OF them.
1. Dany loves travelling.(I) [NO ANSWER] SO DO I.
2. Peter phoned Sarah.(Brian) [NO ANSWER] SO DID BRIAN.
3. Peter doesn't like carrots.(I) [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DO I.
4. You went to Australia last year.(She) [NO ANSWER] SO DID SHE.
5. Mike doesn't like mathematics.(We) [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DO WE.
1. You are late for school. [NO ANSWER] SO AM I.
2. You don't like red skirts. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DOES Jane.
3. My children go to St Johana's School. [NO ANSWER] SO DO yours
4. Paul should behave more carefully. [NO ANSWER] SO SHOULD Kathrin.
5. Students were not tired at the end of the day. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER WERE the teachers.
6. Guy speaks English very well. [NO ANSWER] SO DOES Veronique.
7. I am a teacher. [NO ANSWER] SO ARE you.
8. Vivian can never be rich. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER CAN Paul
9. I am not expecting any prize. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER ARE you.
10. I will be at the party. [NO ANSWER] SO WILL Alfred.
11. Karim studied in the U.S.A. [NO ANSWER] SO DID Henry.
12. You didn't see him. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DID I.
13. Sam should not have left school so early. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER SHOULD Lillian.
14. They must obey the instructions. [NO ANSWER] SO MUST we.
15. We won't be long. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER WILL they.
16. Mary goes by train at 3 pm. [NO ANSWER] SO DO I.
17. I did not wash my car yesterday. [NO ANSWER] NEITHER DID Kan.
18. Camin is a computer scientist. [NO ANSWER] SO ARE you.
19. Catherine has eaten rice. [NO ANSWER] SO HAVE they.