Bài soạn môn học Tiếng Anh 11 - Period: Infinitive full or bare infinitive

Period:	Infinitive
Full or bare infinitive
Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.
1 He made me (do) it all over again.
2 She can (sing) quite well.
3 He will be able (swim) very soon.
4 I used (live) in a caravan.
5 You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow.
6 You needn't (say) anything. Just nod your head and he will (understand).
7 I want (see) the house where our president was born.
8 He made her (repeat) the message.
9 May I (use) your phone?
10 You needn't (ask) for permission; you can (use) it whenever you like.
9 It's better (travel) hopefully than (arrive), (proverb)
10 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show)
him.
11 He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
12 I heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor.
13 He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.
14 As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.
15 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion,
16 He told me (try) (come) early.
17 Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what had seen.
18 Would you (like) (come) in my car? ~
No, thanks. I'd rather (walk).
19 I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.
20 It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking.
21 He doesn't even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.
22 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe.
23 If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something? ~
I didn't like (say) anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him.
24 It's better (be) sure than sorry.
25 What do you (want) me (tell) him? ~
Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with him.
26 Did you remember (give) him the money? ~
No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him tonight and I promise
(not forget) this time.
27 I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.
28 That is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.
29 I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don't know how (handle) firearms.
30 I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.
31 There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out.
32 He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village.
33 You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story.
34 The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go). ~
He must (be) a very old man.
35 It is up to you (learn) the laws of your own country.
36 Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?
Infinitive represented by to
PEG 247
In each of the following pairs of sentences an infinitive used in the first sentence is
repeated in the second. Read the sentences, expressing this second infinitive by to only.
Note that where the second infinitive has an object, this word/phrase must be omitted.
Why didn't you tell me the truth the first time?-
I meant to tell you the truth but I was too frightened.
I meant to but I was too frightened.
1 Did you visit the Pyramids? ~
No, I wanted to visit them but there wasn't time.
2 Why do you wear dark glasses? ~
I have to wear them; I have weak eyes.
3 Do you smoke? ~
No, I used to smoke but I don't now.
4 Would you like to go to the theatre tonight? ~
Yes, I'd love to go to the theatre.
5 Why didn't you pay the bill for him? ~
I offered to pay it but he refused.
6 Have you put the car in the garage? ~
No, but I'm just going to put it there.
7 I want you two to apologize to each other. ~
Well. lam willing to apologize it he apologizes first.
8 Did you reserve seats on the train? ~
No. I tried to reserve them but they had all been booked already.
9 Did you answer the letter? ~
No, I intended to answer it but I'm afraid I forgot
10 Why didn't you hit him? ~
I was afraid to hit him.
11 I'd love to spend a night in a haunted room. ~
I'd hate to spend a night in a haunted room.
12 Why didn't you ask your father for the money? ~
I didn't like to ask him.
13 Did you get a chance to fly the aeroplane yourself? ~
No, I wanted to fly it but the pilot wouldn't let me.
14 Why doesn't he punish his boys when they disobey him? ~
He often threatens to punish them but he never actually does so.
15 Why didn't he repair the car himself? ~
He wasn't able to repair it.
16 I used to drink whisky with my meals. ~
I used to drink whisky with my meals also but I don't now.
17 Did you buy sausages?~
No, I meant to buy them but I forgot.
18 Why doesn't he try again?~
He doesn't want to try again.
19 You should visit the Prado when you are in Madrid.~
Yes. I intend to visit it.
20 Why doesn't he play games? ~
His mother doesn't want him to play games.
21 You ought to stop work now. ~
Yes, I am just going to stop.
22 Why do some jockeys carry extra weights?~
They are obliged to carry them by the regulations.
23 Did he help you?~
No, I asked him to help me but he said he hadn't time.
24 You should have thanked her before you left. ~
I meant to thank her but when I was going I couldn't find her anywhere.
25 Why did she put parsley in the soup?~
I told her to put it in.
26 Why didn't he report it to the police?~
He was afraid to report it. He didn't think they'd believe him.
27 Why did he drive so fast? ~
He had to drive fast; otherwise he'd have missed his train.
28 You used to like rice pudding. ~
Yes, I know I used to like it but I don't now.
29 Why didn't you buy the car? ~
I was advised not to buy it.
30 I hope the children won't go near the water. ~
I warned them not to go near it.
31 Why are we trying to get planning permission? ~
We have to get planning permission. It is the law.
32 I meant to work hard. ~
I know you meant to work hard but you didn't.
33 Do the boys tidy their own rooms? ~
They are supposed to tidy them but they don't always.
34 Why didn't he call the police. ~
He wasn't able to call them. His telephone line had been cut.
35 Why did you move your car? ~
The policeman told me to move it.
36 Why did you bring your mother-in-law? I particularly asked you not to bring her.
too/enough/so . . . as with infinitive
PEG 252
Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using too/enough
with infinitive.
It is very cold. We can't go out.
It is too cold for us to go out.
He is strong. He can carry it.
He is strong enough to carry it.
Rewrite numbers 3, 20, and 35 using so . . . as with infinitive.
(enough with infinitive could also be used here, while so . . . as could replace enough in
numbers 9, 24, and 29. These alternatives are given in the key.)
1 You are very young. You can't have a front-door key.
2 It is very cold. We can't bathe.
3 Would you be very kind and answer this letter by return?
4 I am rather old. I can't wear that kind of hat.
5 The ladder wasn't very long. It didn't reach the window.
6 He hadn't much money. He couldn't live on it. (Omit it.)
7 He was furious. He couldn't speak.
8 The fire isn't very hot. It won't boil a kettle.
9 Tom was very foolish. He told lies to the police.
10 You are quite thin. You could slip between the bars.
11 He is very ill. He can't eat anything.
12 Our new car is very wide. It won't get through those gates.
13 The floor wasn't strong. We couldn't dance on it. (Omit it.)
14 I was terrified. I couldn't move.
15 The bull isn't big. He couldn't harm you.
16 The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake.
17 The river is deep. We can't wade it. (Omit it.)
18 He is lazy. He won't get up early.
19 He won't get up early so he never catches the fast train.
20 Would you be very good and forward my letters while I am away?
21 The ice is quite thick. We can walk on it. (Omit it.)
22 He was very drunk. He couldn't answer my question.
23 It is very cold. We can't have breakfast in the garden.
24 He was extremely rash. He set off up the mountain in a thick fog.
25 We aren't very high. We can't see the summit.
26 You aren't very old. You can't understand these things.
27 He was very snobbish. He wouldn't talk to any of us.
28 The package is very thick. I can't push it through the letterbox. (Omit it.)
29 She was very mean. She never gave to charity.
30 He is very impatient. He never listens to anyone.
31 I was very tired. I couldn't walk any further.
32 It's not very dark. We can't see the stars clearly.
33 It was very hot. You could fry an egg on the pavement.
34 The oranges were very bitter. We couldn't eat them. (Omit them.)
35 Would you be very kind and turn down the radio a little?
36 He is very selfish. He wouldn't put himself out for anyone.
Various infinitive constructions
PEG 26-7, 114, 239, 249-50
Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.
It is important that he should understand this.
It is important/or him to understand this.
He was the first man who arrived.
He was the first man to arrive.
1 The captain was the last man who left the ship.
2 He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else had
reached it first.
3 The committee have decided to send you to Paris. (You (go) to Par
omit The committee have decided to send.)
4 Would you be very kind and lend me your umbrella?
5 There are a lot of sheets that need mending.
6 I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country.
7 It is better that he should hear it from you.
8 I was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid ...)
9 If he had another child with whom he could play, he would be happier
10 It is necessary that everyone should know the truth.
11 There was no place where we could sit.
12 He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his wallet
wasn't there.
13 He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him.
(It was very brave . . .)
14 I can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear.
15 It is expected that he will broadcast a statement tonight. (He is expected...)
16 I want a kitchen where ( = in which) I can cook.
17 He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed when he learnt that the
train had just left.
18 Haven't you anything with which you could open it?
19 It seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man.
(The crime seems . . . Use perfect infinitive passive.)
20 Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he . . .)
21 I was on the point of leaving the house when the phone rang.
22 This is the plan: someone will meet you at the station . . .
(You . . . (be met) at the station)
23 She is anxious that they should have every possible advantage.
24 It is said that he was a brilliant scientist. (He is said . . .)
25 The strikers decided that the strike should continue.
26 Would you be very kind and translate this for me?
27 It is advisable that we should  ...  parachute, the country seemed entirely unfamiliar.
34 Sitting in the dentist's chair, an idea suddenly occurred to me.
35 Weakened by his last illness, I felt sure that another winter in this country would kill
him.
36 Getting out of bed, a scorpion bit him.
Passive
Active to passive
PEG 302-6
Put the following into the passive voice. The agent should not be mentioned except in
numbers II and 28.
1 You should open the wine about three hours before you use it.
2 Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice.
3 Somebody had cleaned my shoes and brushed my suit.
4 We use this room only on special occasions.
5 You must not hammer nails into the walls without permission.
6 In some districts farmers use pigs to find truffles.
7 Someone switched on a light and opened the door.
8 Somebody had slashed the picture with a knife.
9 They are pulling down the old theatre.
10 Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in?
11 The mob broke all the shop windows in recent riots.
12 The librarian said that they were starting a new system because people were not
returning books.
13 The police asked each of us about his movements on the night of the crime.
14 Someone will serve refreshments.
15 People must not leave bicycles in the hall.
16 Members may keep books for three weeks. After that they must return them.
17 The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door.
18 I've bought a harp. They are delivering it this afternoon.
19 Someone has already told him to report for duty at six.
20 They rang the church bells as a flood warning.
21 No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information.
22 People are spending far more money on food now than they spent ten years ago.
23 The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.
24 They will say nothing more about the matter if someone returns the stolen gun.
25 It is high time someone told him to stop behaving like a child.
26 A thief stole my dog and brought him back only when I offered Ј20 reward for him.
27 The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine.
28 They make these artificial flowers of silk.
Active to passive
PEG 302-6
Put the following into the passive, mentioning the agent where necessary.
Where there is an indirect and a direct object, make the indirect object the subject of the
passive verb.
They gave her a clock.
She was given a clock.
The gerund after certain verbs is replaced in the passive by should be + past participle:
They advised employing part-time workers.
They advised that part-time workers should be employed.
1 They feed the seals at the zoo twice a day.
2 Who wrote it?
3 Compare clothes which we have washed with clothes which any other laundry has
washed.
4 He expected us to offer him the job.
5 They showed her the easiest way to do it.
6 Lightning struck the old oak.
7 Titian couldn't have painted it as people didn't wear that style of dress till after his
death.
8 A jellyfish stung her.
9 The author has written a special edition for children.
10 Judges used to carry sweet herbs as a protection against jail-fever.
11 What did he write it with? ~
He wrote it with a matchstick dipped in blood.
12 An uneasy silence succeeded the shot.
13 Did the idea interest you?
14 The lawyer gave him the details of his uncle's will.
15 Beavers make these dams.
16 They used to start these engines by hand. Now they start them by electricity.
17 Most people opposed this.
18 Students are doing a lot of the work.
19 The Prime Minister was to have opened the dry dock.
20 They recommended opening new factories in the depressed area.
(Use should.)
21 The closure of the workshops will make a lot of men redundant.
22 Anyone with the smallest intelligence could understand these instructions.
23 We will not admit children under sixteen.
24 Boys of sixteen to eighteen are to man this training ship.
25 A rainstorm flooded the gypsies' camp.
26 The howling of wolves kept him awake all night.
27 They suggested making the tests easier. (Use should.)
28 Children couldn't have done all this damage.
Passive to active
PEG 302-6
Turn the following sentences into the active voice. Where no agent is mentioned one
must be supplied.
School notice: This door must be kept shut.
Students must keep this door shut.
1 Why don't you have your eyes tested? (... get an optician to . . . See 119.)
2 This speed limit is to be introduced gradually.
3 The runways are being lengthened at all the main airports.
4 It is now 6 a.m. and at most of the hospitals in the country patients are being wakened
with cups of tea.
5 Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.
6 By tradition, any sturgeon that are caught by British ships must be offered to the Queen.
7 This notice has been altered.
8 The owners went away last March and since then their houseboat has been used
continuously by squatters. (Use a continuous tense and omit continuously.)
9 The damaged ship was being towed into harbour when the towline broke.
10 Have a lift put in and then you won't have to climb up all these stairs.
11 Last year a profit of two million pounds was made in the first six months but this was
cancelled by a loss of seventeen million pounds which was made in the second six
months.
12 Evening dress will be worn.
13 The ship was put into quarantine and passengers and crew were forbidden to land.
14 Someone will have to be found to take her place.
15 He was made to surrender his passport.
16 This rumour must have been started by our opponents.
17 My paintings are to be exhibited for the first time by New Arts Gallery.
18 This scientific theory has now been proved to be false.
19 The car which was blown over the cliff yesterday is to be salvaged today.
20 The house where the dead man was found is being guarded by the police to prevent it
from being entered and the evidence interfered with.
21 Why wasn't the car either locked or put into the garage?
22 It is being said that too little money is being spent by the government on roads.
23 Your money could be put to good use instead of being left idle in the bank.
24 For a long time the earth was believed to be flat.
25 This copy hasn't been read. The pages haven't been cut.
26 The stones were thrown by a student, who was afterwards led away by the police.
27 Carrier pigeons are said to have been used by early Egyptian and Greek sailors.
28 The referee was being escorted from the football field by a strong police guard.
Indirect speech
Indirect speech: statements
PEG 307-8,313
1 Students are asked to assume that these sentences are spoken and reported on different
days. This will mean that a sentence such as:
He said, 1 am coming tomorrow,' will become: He said that he was coming the next day,
and so on.
This applies to all the exercises on indirect speech in this book.
2 With indirect speech, when the person addressed is mentioned, tell is more usual than say to as an introductory verb. For example:
He told me that he was going away the next day is more usual than
He said to me that he was going away the next day.
Put the following into indirect speech.
1 1 have something to show you,' I said to her.
2 'Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun,' she said.
3 I'm going away tomorrow, mother,' he said.
4 I've been in London for a month but so far I haven't had time to visit the Tower,' said
Rupert.
5 It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday,' I remarked.
6 'The new underpass is being officially opened the day after tomorrow, 'said the BBC
announcer.
7 'We have moved into our new flat. We don't like it nearly so much as our last one,'
said
my aunt.
8 'We have a lift but very often it doesn't work,' they said.
9 'From one of the windows of my flat I can see the Eiffel Tower,' he said.
10 I've no idea what the time is but I'll dial 8081 and find out,' said his daughter.
11 He said, 'My wife has just been made a judge.'
12 I'll come with you as soon as I am ready,' she replied.
13 I have a German lesson this afternoon and I haven't done my homework yet,' said the
small boy.
14 If you let the iron get too hot you will scorch your clothes,' I warned her.
15 'You haven't given me quite enough. The bill is for Ј14 and you've paid me only Ј13,'
he pointed out.
16 Ann said, 'Englishmen make good husbands because they are nearly always willing to
help in the house.'
17 Mary answered, I like men to be useful but I don't like them to be too domesticated. I
prefer them to keep out of the kitchen altogether. Men look silly in aprons anyway.'
18 Motoring report: The new Rolls Royce runs so quietly that all you can hear is the
ticking of the clock.
Managing director of the Rolls Royce company: In that case we'll have to do
something about the clock.
19 1 don't know what to do with all my plums. I suppose I'll have to make jam. The
trouble is that none of us eats jam,' she said.
20 'We like working on Sundays because we get double pay,' explained the builders.
21 He said, I am quite a good cook and I do all my own washing and mending too.'
22 'You can keep that one if you like, Joan,' he said. I've got plenty of others.'
23 I'm going fishing with mother this afternoon,' said the small boy, 'and we are going
into
the garden now to dig for worms.' (Omit now).
24 'You've got my umbrella,' I said crossly. 'Yours is in your bedroom.'
25 I know exactly what they said,' the private detective explained to his client, 'because I
bugged their phone.'
26 I'll sit up till she comes in, but I hope she won't be late,' he said.
27 If you give me some wire, I'll hang that picture for you,' said my cousin.
28 I have a Turkish bath occasionally, but it doesn't seem to make any difference to my
weight.,' she said.
29 This is quite a good model, madam. I use one of these myself,' said the salesman.
30 'My new house is supposed to be haunted, but so far I haven't seen any ghosts,' she
said.
31 The advertisement said, If you answer the questions correctly you may win Ј100.'
32 If I press my ear against the wall, I can hear what the people in the next flat are saying,'
he said.
Indirect speech: statements PEG 309-10
Some tenses/forms do not change when direct speech becomes indirect:
'I wish my children would eat vegetables,' she said.
She (said she) wished her children would eat vegetables.
Put the following into indirect speech, being careful to avoid ambiguity:
1 I couldn't get into the house because I had lost my key, so I had to break a window,' he
said.
2 'The mirror is there so that you can see yourself when you are dancing,' the instructress
told him.
3 I wrote to him the day before yesterday. I wonder why he hasn't rung up,' she said.
4 If the ground is dry on the day of the race, my horse might win,' said the owner.
5 'You'd better slow down. There's a speed limit here,' she said to me. (Use advise.)
6 If Tom wants seats, he'd better apply early,' she said