Bài ôn tập Tiếng Anh 11 - Passive voice

PASSIVE VOICE
 1. Form
 Active: S + V + O + . 
 Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + 
 Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
 S V O
 Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 S be V3/ed by O
 2. Rules Khi ñoåi töø chuû ñoäng sang bò ñoäng, ta chuù yù caùc böôùc sau:
 1. Xaùc ñònh S (Chuû töø), V (Ñoäng töø), O (Tuùc töø) vaø thì cuûa ñoäng töø trong caâu chuû ñoäng.
 Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
 S V1 O
 2. Ñem O leân laøm S, chuyeån S xuoáng laøm O ñaët sau by.
 Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 S by O
 3. AÙp duïng caáu truùc Be +Vpp trong ñoù Be chia vôùi thì cuûa caâu khaúng ñònh vaø chuyeån ñoäng töø chính sang V3/ed.
 Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 be V3/ed
Active
Passive
S + V1 + O
S + am/is/are + V3/ed
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + V3/ed + O
S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + V2/ed + O
S + was/were +V3/ed
S + was/were + V-ing + O
S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + had + V3/ed + O
S + had + been + V3/ed
S + will/shall + Vo + O
S + will/shall + be +V3/ed
3. Notes:
 a. Trong tröôøng hôïp coù lieân töø and vaø giôùi töø of, ta phaûi xaùc ñònh ñaày ñuû chuû töø hoaëc tuùc töø khi chuyeån ñoåi.
 Ex:- Active: He and I see the film
 à Passive: The film is seen by him and me.
 - Active: He bought a box of chocolates last week
 à Passive: A box of chocolates was bought last week. 
 b. Trong caâu bò ñoäng: by O luoân ñöùng sau adverbs of place (traïng töø chæ nôi choán) vaø tröôùc adverbs of time (traïng töø chæ thôøi gian).
 Ex: (P) The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend.
 adv of place by O adv of time
 c. Trong caâu bò ñoäng, ta coù theå boû: by people, by us, by them, by someone.
 Ex: Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
 d. Trong caùc thì coù caùc trôï ñoäng töø (Auxiliary verbs) nhö: am/ is/ are, was/ were, has/ have, had
 Active: S + Aux + V + O + . 
 Passive: S + Aux + be + V3/ed + (by O) + 
 Ex: - Active: They have built a new bridge across the river.
 S Aux V O
 à Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them).
 S Aux be V3 by O
 - Active: Mai was watching a cartoon at 8 o’clock last night.
 S Aux V O
 à Passive: A cartoon was being watched by Mai at 8 o’clock last night.
 S Aux be V-ed by O
Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
 Caùc ñoäng töø khieám khuyeát (Modal verbs) nhö: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, . 
 Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + . 
 Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + 
 Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now.
 S M.V Vo O
 à Passive: This exercise can be done by Nam right now.
 S M.V be V3 by O
 - Active: People are going to solve the problem next month.
 S modal verb Vo O
 à Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month.
 S modal verb be V-ed by O
. Ñoäng töø coù hai tuùc töø:
 1. Ñoäng töø caàn giôùi töø TO: give, lend, send, show,  
 Ex: - (A) John will give me this book. (=John will give this book to me.)
	à(P1) I will be given this book by John.
 à(P2) This book will be given to me by John.
 2. Ñoäng töø caàn giôùi töø FOR: buy, make, get, 
 Ex: - (A) He bought her a rose. (=He bought a rose for her.)
	à(P1) She was bought a rose.
	à(P2) A rose was bought for her.
Caáu truùc They/People say/think/believe that 
 Ex: - (A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
	à(P1) It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day.
	à(P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day.
	 - (A) They thought that Mary had gone away.
	à(P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away.
	à(P2) Mary was thought to have gone away.
IV. Caùc ñaïi töø baát ñònh: No one, Nobody, Nothing,..
 Ex: - (A) No one can answer this question.
	 à(P) This question can’t be answered.
	 - (A) They haven’t done anything.
	 à(P) Nothing has been done.
Exercise1: Give the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets:
The manager just .........(close) the store the moment before I.....(arrive)
When the alarm..(rang), Frick ..(jump) out of bed quickly
I saw a bad accident whole I (wait) for you on this corner
At 4 pm yesterday? Well, I..( work) in my office
When we.(see Mr. Tinh tomorrow, we..( remind) him of that.
 The war .( break) out 50 years ago.
Up to the present, Jim..( do) good work in this class.
At present, that author..( write) a detective novel.
Light ( travel) faster than sound.
Listen! I think some one ..( knock) at the door.
Exercises 2: Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
à.
2. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long
à...
3. Somebody has driven them to the airport.
à...
4. They will complete the new high way from north to south next year.
à...
5. My aunt made this sweater for her son.
à...
6. The television station has broadcast all the 22nd Sea-Games competitions.
à...
7. My teacher asked me to be here at 10 am.
à...
9. A short circuit could cause the fire.
à...
10. She makes coffee for her parents every day.
à...
11. People should send their complaints to the main office.
à...
12. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it.
à...
13. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.
à...
14. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils.
à...
15. .Somebody told me to wait outside.
à...