Bài ôn tập môn Tiếng Anh khối 11 - To infinitive and gerund (động từ nguyên thể và danh động từ)

TO INFINITIVE AND GERUND
(ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ VÀ DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)
TO INFINITIVE (ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN THỂ)
It’s adj + (of sb)+ to V: ai đó thật như thế nào khi làm việc gì
Các tính từ sau dùng với cấu trúc này: kind, good, stupid, clever, careless, sensible, brave, timid, coward, wise, rude, polite, generous, mean, thoughtful, tactful, selfish
Ex: It’s kind of you to help me
 You stole a car, which was stupid of you
S+ be + Adj + To V
Các tính từ sau đây dùng với cấu trúc này: happy, sad, glad, nice, pleased, disappointed, difficult, easy, eager, ready, surprised, sorry, hesitant, amazed, able, willing, reluctant, sure/bound/certain.
Ex: I am very glad to see you again.
Động từ nguyên thể có “To” đứng ngay sau V
Agree(đồng ý), afford(có khả năng tài chính), appear (dường như), attempt (nỗ lực), arrange(sắp xếp), cause(gây ra), Choose (lựa chọn), decide(quyết định), demand (yêu cầu), Expect(mong đợi), Fail(thất bại), Hope(hi vọng), Hap, Hesitate(ngại, phiền), intend(dự định), mange(quản lý), offer(đề nghị), promise(hứa), Plan(lập kế hoạch), Pay(trả), Prepare(chuẩn bị), Refuse(từ chối), Threaten(đe dọa), tend(xu thế), wish(ước), want( muốn).
Ex: I can’t afford to go abroad study
 He agreed to work for us
 She refused to answer personal questions
II. GERUND (DANH ĐỘNG TỪ- Ving)
1. Những động từ dùng với danh động từ: 
Admit(nhận),finish, anticipate (đoán trước), appreciate (đánh giá), avoid( tránh), consider(xem xét), continue(tiếp tục), postpone =delay(hoãn), deny(chối), discuss(thảo luận), hate =dislike(ghét), enjoy(thích) , keep(giữ), mind(phiền), miss(lỡ) , practise, quit, resist(kháng lại), risk(liều), suggest(đề nghị), mention(đề cập), preferto
Ex: I couldn’t avoid meeting him
 Have you finished talking?
 She enjoys playing tennis
2. Danh động từ đúng sau giới từ : at, on, in, before, after, with, up, without, by, in addition to..
Ex: we can improve our English by practicing much
 He came in without saying hello to anybody
 On getting home, he sat down to write a letter
 In addition to going to university she also takes a part- time job
 Before going to bed, I clean my teeth
3. Đi với một số thành ngữ cố định:
+ can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand: không thể không
+ It’s (not) worth : Đáng (không đáng làm gì)
+ It’s no use = it’s no good= there be no point in Ving: làm gì đó là vô ích
+ S + have/has difficulty/trouble + in + Ving: gặp khó khăn, rắc rối
+ have (any) problem in Ving
+ have a good time + Ving
+ have a hard/difficult time + Ving
Note:
+ Stop + to V: dừng lại để làm gì Ex: He stops smoking
 Ving: dừng lại không làm nữa He stops to eat
+ remember + To V: nhớ phải làm gì(HT, TL)
 Ving: nhớ đã làm gì(QK)
Ex: Remember to post my letter
 I remember locking the door before going out
+ forget + To V: quên phải làm gì (HT, TL)
 Ving: quên đã làm gì, sẽ không bao giờ quên là
Ex: Don’t forget to buy shoes for me
 I’ll never forget meeting him
+ regret + To V: lấy làm tiếc(dùng để thông báo)
 Ving : hối tiếc, ân hận vì đã làm
Ex: I regret to inform you that your application isn’t acceptable
 I regret buying a lot of shares
+ try + To V: cố gắng làm gì Ex: I try to get better marks
 Ving: thử làm gì I try solving this difficult sum
+ mean + To V: có ý định làm gì = intend
 Ving: đưa đến hậu quả gì = result in
Ex: I don’t mean to buy that house
 His new job means earning a lot of money
+ need + To V : cần làm gì (mang tính chủ động chỉ người)
 Ving: cần được làm gì (mang tính bị động chỉ vật)
Ex: I need to sell some good
 My trousers need ironing 
NOTE: advise/allow/permit/forbid/encourage/recommend + (O)Sb + To V
 Ving
Ex: they allow me to buy a new car
 I don’t allow smoking in the room
III. WITHOUT “TO” INFINITIVE
Sau các động từ khuyết thiếu: can, could, may, might, should, had better  + V0
help/ make/ have(nhờ ai làm) + (O)sb + V0
NOTE:
S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + V0 (nhìn thấy toàn bộ sự việc)
S + see/hear/watch/feel/notice/observe/smell + O + Ving (nhìn thấy sự việc đang diễn ra)
Exercise :
I. Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
He wanted (see) _____________________the house where the president was born.
He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days.
I would like him (go) _____________________ to a university but I can’t (make) him go.
I am looking forward to (see) _____________________ you.
I arranged (meet) _____________________them there.
He urged us (work) _____________________faster.
I wish (see) _____________________the manager.
It is no use (wait) _____________________him.
He warned her (not touch) _____________________the wire.
Don’t forget (clock) _____________________the door before (go) _____________________to bed.
My mother told me (not speak) _____________________too anyone about it.
He tried (explain) _____________________but she refused (listen) _____________________.
At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _____________________between the courses.
He decided (disguise) __________________ himself by (dress) _______________as a women.
I am prepared (wait) _____________________here all night if necessary.
Would you mind (show) _____________________me how (work) _____________________the lift.
After (walk) ___________three hours we stopped (rest) ___________and let the others (catch) _____________up with us.
I am beginning (understand) _____________________what you mean.
The boy likes (play) _____________________games but hates (do) ________________exercises.
I regret (inform) _____________________you that your application has been refused.
I don’t allow (smoke) _____________________in my drawing-room.
I don’t allow my family (smoke) _____________________at all.
He surprised us all by (go) _________________away without (say) ________________‘Good-bye’.
Please go on (write) _____________________; I don’t mind _____________________ (wait).
He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _____________________recognized.
Before (give) _______________evidence you must swear (speak) ___________________the truth.
I tried (persuade) ____________________him (agree) _____________________with your proposal.
 Your windows need (clean) ______________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for you.
Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught.
I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught.
Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter.
His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________.
My watch keeps (stop) _____________________.
People used (make) _____________________fire by (rub) _________________two sticks together.
He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
If you go on (let) ______your dog (chase) ________cars he will end by (be) _____________________run over.
I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven.
I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once.
Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a cheque.
(Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the office.
She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months.
An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine.
I have no intention of (go) _________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _____________my favorite actress in such dreadful part.
I suggest (telephone) _____________the hospitals before (ask) _____________the police (look) _____________for him.
After (hear) _____________the conditions I decided (not enter) _____________for the competition.
Some people seem (have) _____________the passion for (write) _____________to the newspapers.
He expects me (answer) _____________by return but I have no intention of (reply) _____________at all.
He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do) _____________anything.
Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it.
There is no point in (remain) ____in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) ___the people who have (stay) ____there.
The horse won’t be well enough (run) _____in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have) _____recovered from his long journey.
At first I enjoyed (listen) _________to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) _____________the same story again and again.
It is usually easier (learn) _____________a subject by (read) _____________books than by (listen) _____________ to lectures.
It wouldn’t be safe (start) _____________down now; we will have (wait) _____________till the mist clears.
After (discuss) ________the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have) _____________ reached any decision.
It’s not much use (have) _____________a bike if you don’t know how (use) _____________it.
I distinctly remember (pay) _____________him. I gave him 2$.
Did you remember (give) _____________him the key of the safe? - No, I didn’t. I will go and do it now.
Please forgive me for (interrupt) _____________you but would you mind (repeat) _____________that last sentence.
He made a lot of money by (buy) ____tickets in advance and (sell) _____________them twice the price on the day of the match.
 II. Choose the best answer 
1. Every day I spend two hours ___________ English.A. practise	B to practise	C. practising	D. practised
2. The skiers would rather __________ through the mountains than go by bus.
A.to travel by train	B. travel by train	C. traveled by train	D. traveling by train
3.He likes _________ part in sports, so he joins the football team of the school.A. to take	B. to taking	C. takes	D. took
4. I don't remember___________ the front door when I left home. 	A. to lock	B. lock	C. locked	D. locking
5.Children enjoy ___________ to ghost stories on Halloween night.
A.telling and listening	B. tell and listen	C. to tell and listen	D. to tell and to listen
6. They decided ___________ to Japan for their summer holiday.	A. going	B. to go	C. go	D. to going 
7.His parents think it's time for him___________ married.	A. gets	B. get	C. to get	D. got
8.Peter's father ordered __________ not to stay out late again.	A. him	B. to him	C. that he	D. for him
9.Smoking is bad for your heath. You had better_________ 	it up.	A. to give	B. give	C. giving D. to be giving
10.I hope you don't mind __________ so late at night.A. telephoning	B. to telephone	C.telephone	D.to have telephoned
11.It took three and a half hours _________ to Singapore.A. to fly	B. flying	C. to be flown	D. fly
12.She refused ___________ them .	A.to help	B.help	C.having helped	D.helping
13.My parents can't _________ seeing me at home all day.	A. stop	B. stand	C. start	D. hate 
14.___________is a popular sport in Europe.	A. To ski	B. Skiing	C. Ski	D. To skiing
15.There are many ways of _______	ourselves in a big city.	A. enjoy	 B. enjoying	C. enjoyment	D. to enjoy
16.I never feel like _______	early on Monday morning.A. getting up	B. get up	C. gets up	D. to get up
17.It is not easy ________ 	a high-paid job.A. find	B. finding	C. finds	D. to find
18.Would you like the doctor _________ ?A. coming	B. to come	C. come	D. comes
19. There is no need ______ the door of the meeting room tonight.
A. to lock	B. to be locking	C.to be locked	D. locked
20. My husband wants me _______	this letter before afternoon.A. to post	B. posting	C. post	D. posts
21.I hate _______ the dirty dishes after a meal.A. wash	B. to washing	C. to wash	D. to be washing
22.She doesn't like going _______	in the sea in summer.A. to swim	B. to be swimming 	C. swimming	D. swim
23.I am afraid of _______	by the strong wind.A.taking away	B.take away	C.being taken away	D.being taking away
24. We need to stop _________ at what damage we have done to the nature and try ________it before it's too late.
A. looking/ to fix	B. to look/ to fix	C.to look/ fixing 	D.looking/ fixing
25.Human beings must stop ______the environment.A. to pollute	B. polluted	C.to polluted	D.polluting
26.We walked for ten kilometers and then we stopped _______ a rest.A. to have	B. have	C. having	D. has
27.It is raining hard. We had better _______ at home tonight.A. staying	B to stay	C. stay	D. to be staying
28.Before starting __________	for this company, I spent a year _______ .
A. work/travel	B.work/traveling	 C.working/travel	D.working/traveling
29.I _______ play with dolls when I was small.A. enjoyed	B. hated	C. started	D. used to
30.It _______ him two hours to finish the exercise.A. take	B. took	C. to take	D. taking
31.I had no difficulty ______ 	to her English.A. listen	B. to listen	C. to listening	D. listening
32. We are ______ 	buying a new motorbike.
A. considering	B. deciding	C. expecting	D. thinking
33.If the earth stops ______ 	around the sun, there will be no light on earth.
A. move	B. to move	C. moved	D. moving
34. 
35. If we don't do anything ___ the ice on the poles from melting, the earth will 
 be flooded one day.
A. for stop	B. to stopping	C. to stop	D. stop 
36.Unless we ______	throwing garbage into the river, it will be polluted.
A. stop	B. don't stop	C. will stop	D. won't stop
37.The pollution rate in this area seems ______	slowly.
A. increase	B. increasing	C. to increase	D. to be increase
38.Your hair is too long now. It needs _________ .
A. to cut	B. cutting	C. being cut	D. to be cutting 
39. We all enjoy _________	English.A. learn	B. to learn	C. learning	D. learned
40.I expected them _______	me a job.
A. offer	B. offering	C.to be offered	D.to offer
More exercise: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form.
I’ll lend you the book when I’ve finished (read) _____________it.
How old were you when you learned (drive) _____________.
My father gave up (smoke) _____________three years ago.
Would you mind (keep) _____________silent? I’m trying (study) _____________.
I always try to avoid_____________ (borrow) money from my friends.
The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed _____________ (get) to school on time.
Could you please stop _____________ (make) so much noise?
I hope _____________ (run) in the marathon next month.
Look! It’s started _____________ (rain) again.
It was too late, so we decided_____________ (take) a taxi home.
My sister always enjoys _____________ (listen) to classical music.
I’ve put off _____________ (write) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
Sarah gave up _____________ (try) to find a job in this country and decided_____________ (go) abroad.
You can’t stop me _____________ (do) what I want.
They don’t have much money. They can’t afford_____________ (go) out very often.
I’m still looking for a job but I hope_____________ (find) something soon.
My mother can’t stand_____________ (stay) at home without doing anything.
You must promise_____________ (not / be) late again.
 I didn’t have enough time (finish) my work yesterday.
 He refused ( allow) her ( think) for herself.
 I was relieved (find out) that I had passed the exam.
 She made her son _____(wash) the windows before he could go outside _______(play) with his friends.
 She lets her children (stay) up very late.
 We had nothing (do) except look at the cinema posters.
 We both heard him (say) that he was leaving.
 It made him angry (wait) for people who were late.
 I couldn’t understand what the passage said, so I had my friend ( translate) it for me.
 It’s important ( start) the meeting on time.
 There are too many people here for me (talk) to all of them.
 It took ages (download) the pictures from the Internet.
 Whenever I have free time, I like ( watch) the basketball team (practice).
 She sent me an e- mail ( inform) me that the meeting had been canceled.
 It was a thrill ( see) my brother (win) the chess tournament last year.
 I must ( speak) to the manager.
 It is lovely ( see) you again.
 It is too cold ( go) out.
 I am happy ( know) that you have passed the exam.
 We’ve got a few jobs ( do).
He keeps (ask) ____________ me the time and I keep (tell) _____________him (buy) _____________himself a watch.
I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind (wait) _____________for you.