Ôn tập Tiếng Anh khối 11 - Unit 10: Nature in danger

UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER 
RELATIVE CLAUSES (Meänh ñeà quan heä)
1. Defining and defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và không xác định ):
 a. Defining relative clause(mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) :
	Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước , ta không bỏ được và không có dấu phẩy	Ex: I saw the girl . She helped us last week .
	I saw the girl who / that helped us last week
 b. Non- Defining relative clause (mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định ):
- Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước , là phần giải thích thêm , ta có thể bỏ được và có dấu phẩy “ ,” .
- Ta dùng mệnh đề quan không xác định khi :
 + Trước danh từ quan hệ có : this / that / these / those / my / her / his / 
 + Từ quan hệ là tên riêng hoặc danh từ riêng .
Ex1: My father is a doctor . He is fifty years old .
 	My father , who is fifty years old , is a doctor . 
Ex2: New York Harbour , which is ice-free in all season , is one of the largest and finest harbours in the world .
- who : chæ ngöôøi, laøm chuû ngöõ 	Nngöôøi + who + V + O
- whom : chæ ngöôøi, laøm taân ngöõ 	Nngöôøi + whom + S + V
	 V + O
- which : chæ vaät, laøm chuû ngöõ hoaëc taân ngöõ Nvaät + which + 
 S + V
 - whose : ñöùng sau danh töø vaø thay cho tính töø sôû höõu tröôùc danh töø
N1 + whose + N2
( N2 cuûa N1 , whose thay theá tính töø sôû höõu : his,her, my, your )
 Place 
WHERE = in / at / on + WHICH
Time 
WHEN = in / at / on + WHICH 
Reason 
WHY = FOR + WHICH 
 whose
Giôùi töø + whom
 which
 That : 
+ That thay theá cho who, whom, which trong mñeà giới hạn (khoâng coù daáu phaåy.)
+ Khoâng ñöôïc duøng that sau daáu phaåy vaø sau giôùi töø ( sau giôùi töø duøng whom hoaëc which )
+ Baét buoäc duøng that :
Sau so saùnh nhaát
Sau ñaïi töø khoâng xaùc ñònh : no - , some - , every - , any - + one / thing / body
Sau chuû ngöõ hoån hôïp ( ngöôøi vaø vaät ) Ex : The man and his dog that 
Trong caáu truùc : It is / was noun / pronoun who / that . . ( It is Mary that I admire .. )
Sau only / the first / the last + N Ex : The first thing that I do is .
 Reduced forms ( Hình thöùc ruùt goïn )
	1. Caâu coù caùc ñaïi töø quan heä :
- Caâu chuû ñoäng : Boû ñaïi töø quan heä, ñoäng töø chính trong caâu ñöa veà nguyeân maãu vaø theâm – Ing
	Ex : 	The man who is standing overthere is my father.
	The man standing overthere is my father.
Caâu bò ñoäng : Boû ñaïi töø quan heä, ñoäng töø chính trong caâu ñöa veà V3,ed
Ex : 	The chair which is made in Japan is expensive.
	The chair made in Japan is expensive.
Nhö vaäy trong caâu chæ coù 01 ñoäng töø chính ñöôïc chia, doäng töø coøn laïi ôû daïng V – ing ( chuû ñoäng hoaëc V3,ed ( Bò ñoäng )
Who	V ð V-ing 
Which
That	Be + V3,ed ð V3,ed 
2.Hai caâu coù cuøng chuû töø : Töông töï nhö treân
Ex : 	He met his old friends. He felt very happy.
	Meeting his old friends, he felt very happy.
Töø chæ thôøi gian : While / when / after / before ..
Ex : When I met him, I told him that story. . Meeting him, I told him that story.
PRACTICE TEST 1
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest. 
a. endanger 	b. disappear 	c. prohibit 	d. destruction 
a extinct 	b. human 	c. species 	d. planet 
a. respect 	b. effort 	c. exist 	d. supply 
a. condition 	b. pollutant 	c. however 	d. influence 
a. action 	b. habit 	c. danger 	d. survive 
Choose the correct answer 
Many organizations have been set up and funds have been raised. 
	a. established 	b. collapsed 	c. delayed 	d. decreased 
The number of rare animals is decreasing rapidly.
	a. dangerously 	b. quickly 	c. mostly 	d. gradually 
A species of animal or plant that is _______ no longer has any living members, either in the world or in a particular place. 
	a. extinct 	b. rare 	c. survival 	d. productive 
Those who concern are very worried about the _____ of many species. 
	a. disappearance 	b. establishment 	c. supply 	d. provision 
Because of people's _____ with the environment, many kinds of plants and animals are becoming rare. 
	a. supply 	b. survival 	c. influence 	d. interference 
Tropical forests have supplied us with many sorts of plants for food, medicine, and industry. 
	a. affected 	b. influenced 	c. changed 	d. provided 
It is estimated that only 1,000 pandas remain in ______ wild. 
	a. a 	b. an 	c. the 	d. Ø 
England was one of the first countries to _________ 
	a. industry 	b. industrial 	c. industrialize 	d. industrialization 
Their _______ is rejected due to some problems of pollution. 
	a. suggest 	b. suggestion 	c. suggestive 	d. suggestible 
We all regard pollution as a _______ matter to human beings. 
	a. serious 	b. seriously 	c. seriousness 	d. seriousful 
Human beings are adding more and more pollutants ________ the environment. 
	a. from 	b. for 	c. on 	d. to 
You should make sure __________ what you have just told us. 
	a. in 	b. on 	c. over 	d. of 
Forest destruction results _________ floods and air pollution. 
	a. from 	b. about 	c. in 	d. into 
It is automobile industry _____ contributes the most greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. 
	a. where 	b. in which 	c. that 	d. whom 
	20. 	many species of animals have become extinct. 
a. There are many reasons for which 	b. Many reasons for which 
 c. The reasons for that 	d. For which reasons 
We should do something to save those animals ___ hunted for their fur or for other valuable parts of their bodies. 
	a. those are 	b. which are 	c. which is 	d. that is 
 Farmers use more and more 	them to grow better crops but harm the environment. 
	a. powerful chemicals who help 	b. which powerful chemicals help 
c. powerful chemicals which help 	d. powerful chemicals help 
 Water is one of the most precious resources 	for our life. 
	a. we depend on which b. which we depend 	c. on which we depend 	d. on that we depend 
___ are very dense, warm, and wet, are havens for millions of plants and animals. 
	a. Rain forests 	b. Rain forests, that 	c. Rain forest, where 	d. Rain forests, which 
 The farmers and their cattle 	had been trapped in the storm were fortunately rescued. 
	a. who 	b. whom 	c. which 	d. that 
Nowadays, city dwellers, ______ enjoy a lot from the modern material life, have to suffer from pollution the most. 
	a. who 	b. whom 	c. that 	d. which
 Do you know that environmentalist 	? 
	a. with whom I used to work 	 b. with that I used to work 
	 c. with I used to work 	 d. with who I used to work 
 Rain forests influence the Greenhouse effect, 	traps heat inside the Earth's atmosphere. 
	a. that 	b. which 	c. where 	d. whose 
 The local authority banned us from going near the forest 	there is a serious fire. 
	a. for which 	b. in that 	c. that 	d. where 
	30. 	once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, were estimated to become extinct by the year 2025. 
	a. Bengal tigers 	b. Bengal tigers, which c. Bengal tigers, that 	d. Bengal tigers which
Error Identification 
31. Nowadays people are more aware of the fact that wildlife all over the world which is in danger. 
32. Any country that has to cope with overpopulation, hunger, and poverty, also that suffers from pollution. 
33. Despite their short time on Earth, human beings have brought about enormous changes to the surface of the planet, where they are surviving and destroy. 
34. There is a threat of global warming, that comes from the results of Greenhouse effect. 
Our polluted environment which is the results of the overusing of resources and destroying the wild. 
Read the passage carefully and 
Recent research reveals that the .of agricultural soils, forests, woodlands, coastal fisheries, and wildlife resources is more and more serious. The majority of the estimated costs of .. comes from forests and natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. More than 50% of the original forest has been converted .agricultural land by slash-and-burn. Despite land expansion, productivity has declined because of soil erosion. Fish, timber, and non-timber forest product stocks are. As a result, coastal towns have begun to experience severe water shortages. Hydropower is dropping. Wildlife populations and are in serious decline and many species face extinction. Poor forest and soil degradation result in huge economic losses. The degradation of water increases the costs and reduces the quality of both water and power. The prospects for economic development and poverty reduction are dependent on natural... Rural households rely on natural resources for their.., fisheries, and wildlife which provide protein in diets. Urban economic activities depend on reliable power. However, people do not have much of protecting the environment on which their life depends. 
environmental to 	livelihoods 	 degradation 	 resources 	decreasing 
 hydroelectric 	 awareness 	 management biodiversity
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. 
The number of animal species that have died out since 1600 (1) __ sharply. Experts have looked for historical evidence of (2)_______. As (3) ________ as they can tell, between the beginning of modern historical records and the beginning of the 17th century, fewer (4) ____twenty species of animals died out. (5) ______, in just one century, from 1600 to 1699 seventeen more animal species are known to have (6) ___. The next century saw the extinction (7) _______ thirty-six species. And the rate (8) ___ increasing. In the 1800, eighty-one more species died out. In (9) ____ first three quarters of the twentieth century, eighty-three species disappeared, (10) ______ the education of people about endangered species. The rate of extinction has not been slowed by public information. 
1 a. increase 	b. increased 	c. has increased 	d. will increase 
2 a. beings 	b. extinction 	c. affect 	d. influence 
3 a. far 	b. many 	c. long 	d. soon 
4 a. as 	b. more 	c. less 	d. than 
5 a. If 	b. Although 	c. So 	d. However 
6 a. recovered 	b. supplied 	c. changed 	d. disappeared 
7 a. of 	b. in 	c. for 	d. from 
8 a. kept 	b. had 	c. made 	d. let 
9 a. a 	b. an 	c. the 	d. Ø 
10 a. because of 	b. due to 	c. despite 	d. unless 
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PRACTICE TEST 2
Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 
1. a. small	b. supply	c. sure 	d. species
2. a. swimmer	b. sword	c. swallow	d. swam
3. a. parks	b. animals	c. planets	d. surroundings
4. a. forest	b. exist	c. busy	d. establish 
5. a. suggest 	b. disappear	c. scientist	d. raise
Choose the best answer. 
 Laws have been introduced to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. 
	a. advised 	b. decreased 	c. ban 	d. encouraged 
 Hunting for meat and burning forests for soils _______wildlife. 
	a. protect 	b. conserve 	c. destroy 	d. survive 
 National Parks are established to create the environment for rare animals to survive and _____offspring. 
	a. produce 	b. supply 	c. increase 	d. offe ... .
a. in which	b. in that	c. in where	d. which
29. I wonder about 	 human beings are destroying the environment so seriously.
a. the reason that	b. that reason c. the reason in which	d. the reason for which
30. The authority gathered those villagers 	 they explained the importance of forests.
a. who	b. whom	c. to whom	d. to that
Choose the best sentence that can be made from the cues given.
31. Denali National Park / the central mountains of Alaska
a. Denali National Park, which is in the central mountains of Alaska.
b. Denali National Park, that is in the central mountains of Alaska.
c. Denali National Park, where is in the central mountains of Alaska.
d. Denali National Park is in the central mountains of Alaska.
32. the park / one of America’s greatest wildness areas
a. It is that the park one of America’s greatest wildness areas.
b. The park which is one of America’s greatest wildness areas.
c. It is the park one of America’s greatest wildness areas.
d. The park is one of America’s greatest wildness areas.
33. once / abundant sources of gold / heavy metals
a. It has been once abundant sources of gold with heavy metals.
b. It is once abundant sources of gold as well as heavy metals.
c. It was once abundant sources of gold and heavy metals.
d. It will be once abundant sources of gold and heavy metals.
34. at least 600,000 visitors / come to visit / the Park / every year
a. There are at least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year.
b. At least 600,000 visitors who come to visit the Park every year.
c. At least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year.
d. There were at least 600,000 visitors come to visit the Park every year.
35. the environmentalists / have tried / prevent / tourism / destroy the wildness
a. The environmentalists have tried to prevent tourism from destroying the wildness.
b. The environmentalists have tried in order that to prevent tourism from destroying the wildness.
c. The environmentalists have tried preventing tourism from destroying the wildness.
d. Thanks to the environmentalists have tried to prevent tourism from destroying the wildness.
Read the text below and decide which answer- a, b, c or d - best fits each space. 
	In the 1972 the Australian government (36) ______ a quota system which allowed a (n) (37) ______ number of kangaroos to be killed or 'culled' every year. Legislation was introduced because farmers claimed that the kangaroos were (38) ______ their crops. The problem is that (39) ______ two and a half million kangaroos can be killed legally each year, a further two and a half million are killed illegally. The animals are killed for a variety of (40) ______. The main one, however, is that kangaroo meat is sold for human (41) ______ usually in the (42) ______ of steaks - or is used as pet food. There are also thousands of dollars to be made (43) ______ the sale of their skins.
	The environmental group Greenpeace and Australia's Animal Liberation (AAL) are now campaigning for a ban (44) ______ the sale of all kangaroo products. They (45) ______ that this will stop unscrupulous farmers killing the animal for (46) ______. A spokesperson for AAL said, ‘People aren't concerned because there are still (47) ______ six million kangaroos in Australia so they are (48) ______ an endangered species. People just don't care about (49) ______ like this unless there is a real threat. But we know certain types have already become extinct in some areas. We must act now (50) ______ it is too late.
a. introduced 	b. produced 	c. turned out 	d. offered
a. approximate 	b. certain 	c. estimated 	d. unknown
a. enriching 	b. injuring 	c. ruining 	d. spoiling
a. while 	b. because 	c. when 	d. unless
a. results 	b. pretexts 	c. excuses 	d. reasons
a. consumption 	b. need 	c. employment 	d. usage
a. shape 	b. disguise 	c. form 	d. figure
a. by 	b. during 	c. for 	d. from
a. on 	b. of 	c. for 	d. against
a. claim 	b. hope 	c. wonder 	d. consider
a. interest 	b. profit 	c. benefit 	d. advantage
a. exceedingly 	b. another 	c. over 	d. above
a. never 	b. hardly 	c. seldom 	d. unlikely
a. issues 	b. tasks 	c. duties 	d. cases
a. when 	b. unless 	c. until 	d. before
Read the text carefully then choose the correct answers.
	Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which 'once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct.
What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction. Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet. 
	Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has' had some effect, but by itself It will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 
What is the main topic of the passage?
a. The Bengal tiger 	b. International boycotts
c. Endangered species 	d. Problems with industrialization
The word 'poachers' used in line 7 could be best replaced by which of the followings?
a. Illegal hunters 	b. Enterprising researchers.
c. Concerned scientists 	d. Trained hunters
What is an act of cruelty according to the passage?
a. Having interest in material gain.
b. Hunting endangered animals.
c. Killing animals for personal satisfaction.
d. Causing the problem of extinction. .
Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a way to protect animals from extinction?
a. Introduce laws to prohibit the killing of endangered animals. 
b. Establish wildlife reserves.
c. Refuse to buy animal products.
d. Raise money to invest in equipment and patrol.
Which of the following best describes the author's attitude?
a. Forgiving 	b. Surprised 	c. Vindictive 	d. Concerned
 Read the passage and make the correct choice:
The tropical rain forests are a delight to people who (1) _____ nature. The forests are beautiful woodlands which receive (2) _____rain. Many natural resources can be derived from tropical rain forests. (3) _____natural resources are fruits, vegetables and rare herbs . Sometimes, the rain forests are cleared (4) _____ valuable timber. Hardwood like teak, mahogany and rosewood are some of the popular timber that are exported. These kinds of wood are then used (5) _____houses/and/furniture. 
1.a. belong to	b. love	c. interested in	d. became
2.a. many	b. a great many	c. plenty of	d. a large number of
3.a. Such	b. So	c. Whatever	d. A lot
4.a. to	b. by	c. with	d. for
5.a. to make	b. to making	c. by making	d. making
 Read the following passage and choose the best answer:
	We are all slowly destroying the earth. The seas and rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well-known city, for example, poisonous gases from cars pollute the air so much that traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks.
	We have cut down so many trees that there are now vast areas of waste-land all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow enough to eat. In certain countries in Asia there is too little rice. Moreover, we do not take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For instant, tigers are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them to survive. However, it isn’t enough simply to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do anything about it. Join us now. Save the Earth. This is too important to ignore.
1. The seas and rivers nowadays _____.
a. cannot be swum in	b. are less dirty than they used to be
c. are dirty enough to swim in 	d. are contaminated
2. Smoke _____.
a. is harmful to health	b. is full of the big cities
c. leads to a healthy life 	d. makes life in big cities difficult
3. In one well-known city, traffic policemen have to wear oxygen masks _____.
a. in order to protect themselves from being injured	b. because there are so many cars on the streets
c. in spite of poisonous gases	d. because of air pollution
4. Why do farmers in parts of Africa and Asia not grow enough to eat ?
a. Because many trees have been planted	b. Because people cut down many trees
c. Because there is too little rice	d. Because there are large areas of land that cannot be used
5. Wild animals are _____.
a. in danger of extinction	b. being protected from natural environment
c. killed so many that they cannot live in the forests	d. so rare that they cannot survive
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AND LOSS
	The greatest threat to the giant panda population is that the area in (1)__________they live is becoming smaller and more fragmented. This is (2)_____________human activities such as logging, expansion of farming into forest areas, mining, road-building ... 
	Poaching 
	In the 1980s and 1990s, there (3)______________a number of cases of panda poaching, but this has declined due to strict laws and greater public (4)______________of the panda protected status. People hunting for other animals in the panda habitat also pose a threat, (5)________.The traps they (6)musk deer or bear may accidentally kill giant pandas. 
	Habitat degradation 
	In the remote areas where pandas live, local people depend (7)____________the forest for fuel wood and timber for building homes. They also collect (8)____________plants and animals to sell for use as ingredients in traditional medicines or (9)____________food. When there were few people and lots of forests, none of these practices would be a threat to the pandas, but nowadays they (10)_____________severe damage to the remaining forests. 
A. which	B. where	C. that	D. which place
A. thanks for	B. due	C. because of	D. because
A. has been	B. have been	C. was	D. were
A. awares	B. awareness	C. aware	D. taking aware of
A. however	B. whatever	C. wherever	D. whenever
A. look up	B. look for	C. set up	D. set for
A. in	B. on	C. with	D. at
A. width	B. wildness	C. wild	D. wide
A. as	B. like	C. near	D. with
A. cure	B. cause	C. cut	D. cancel